2. OCR Cambridge Technical in Science Level 2

3. UNIT 10: CHEMISTRY OF PRODUCTION

4. Chemistry of production It is one of the country’s largest and safest manufacturing industries. The UK chemical industry has a turnover of over £57 billion a year and employs nearly 200,000 people.

5. Why are chemicals so important? Everything you use is made from chemicals. The manufacture and production of these chemicals is essential in everyday life.

6. Important chemical processes Haber Process = Ammonia eg fertilisers, cleaning products

7. Important chemical processes Contact Process = Sulfuric acid eg dyes and pigments, pharmaceuticals, antifreeze

8. Important chemical processes Electrolysis of brine = Chlorine and hydrogen eg disinfecting drinking water, textiles, paper products

9. Important chemical processes Fermentation = Ethanol eg perfumes

10. Chemical processes A Chemical process is a method of changing one or more chemicals or chemical compounds. Preparation of feedstock Synthesis Separation of products Monitoring the purity of product Handling of by-products and waste All Chemicals are produced using the same steps/processes.

11. Reactions Chemical reactions happen all the time and they are affected by a number of factors. Rates of reaction Surface area The recycling and production of polymers uses a variety of sizes of surface area when producing new products. Catalysts The production of sulfuric acid in the contact process uses a catalyst. Concentration Temperature The production of ammonia in the Haber process requires a specific temperature and pressure to ensure the highest yield is produced.

12. Conditions All reactions need specific conditions in order for them to produce a high yield. A high yield will result in more money for a company and also more chemicals for further production. The Contact process is used to produce Sulfuric acid.

13. What are the dangers of chemicals? Chemicals can be very dangerous if they are not handled correctly. This can lead to: fires explosions leakages Release of toxic or hazardous materials that can cause illness, injury, disability or death. Universal hazard symbols are used to identify the dangers of chemicals in the laboratory or in transit.

14. Pollution Air pollution: chlorine gas from electrolysis Waste chemicals: such as hyrdogen sulfide and hydrogen chloride Spillages: toxic or radioactive substances Being green Chemicals are useful, but also very polluting and dangerous. How can we protect our environment?

15. What will you learn? About a variety of chemical processes. Why and where chemical plants are located. How waste treatment methods can be used to minimise the environmental impact of a chemical process. The factors that govern the rate and yield of a chemical process. How the chemical industry maintains a good safety record in the manufacture and transport of chemicals.

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