1. The Flavour and Fragrance Industry Rekayasa Proses Produksi Nur Hidayat

2. Pendahuluan The origin of using odorous substances simply for enjoyment or medicinal reasons is as old as mankind. People have used perfume oils, and unguents on their bodies for thousands of years in lesser or greater amounts dependent on fashion whims The early Egyptians used perfumed balms as part of religious ceremonies and later as part of pre- love-making preparations

3. Pendahuluan Myrrh and frankincense were exuded gums from trees used to scent the atmosphere in rituals Other plants such as rose and peppermint were steeped in oils until a perfumed unguent formed. Perfume fell out of use during early Christianity, but was revived in the medieval period. In the Georgian era non-greasy eau de Cologne was developed and it had many uses from bath essence to mouthwash

4. Pendahuluan The late nineteenth century was the first real era of perfume as we know it when new scents were created because of advances in organic chemistry knowledge. The small town of Grasse in Provence, France, became a centre for flower and herb growing for the perfume industry

5. Pendahuluan Obviously, these first perfumes were all natural, since the introduction of synthetic aroma chemicals happened only at the end of the nineteenth century Over the years this industry has developed into a very profitable niche market. It serves retail companies in the food and beverage, cosmetics, toiletry, and household products markets, as well as the fragrance industries

6. Pendahuluan Flavourists and perfumers are professionals engaged in the study and exploitation of materials capable of impacting the human senses of taste, smell, and chemesthesis Flavourists work primarily with substances that are either derived (directly or indirectly) from plant or animal sources or chemically synthesised from petrochemicals to develop products intended for use in foods and beverages.

7. Pendahuluan Perfumers work mostly with materials of plant, animal, or petrochemical origin to create perfumes, fragranced personal care products, and scented household goods Research carried out by flavour and fragrance companies is generally for the purpose of understanding, designing, or improving upon the sensory characteristics and/or the functionality of existing or new products This often starts with the detailed chemical analysis of a specific target: a finished product or raw materials used in its manufacture.

8. Pendahuluan Creative flavourists or perfumers, respectively, with the help of product technologists, may then try to reconstitute flavours or fragrances that match or improve upon the sensory properties of the target. Product technologists help ensure that flavours and fragrances are stable in products and are released effectively and are therefore perceivable at the time of consumption or use.

9. Pendahuluan Design better flavour or fragrance molecules; to make improvements in ingredient formulations or manufacturing processes

10. The flavour and fragrance industry’s weak points from an environmental/ecological point of view evidently are, in particular: – odour emissions, – the handling of chemicals and chemical reactions in manufacturing, and – the handling of wastewater.

11. A flavour and fragrance company in a sustainable development programme: Measurable reduction of energy (water, electricity) Measurable reduction of odour emissions Improvement of manufacturing processes Financial support for charities, aid organisations, and local cultural activities Consistent and transparent equal rights and compensation policies throughout the company No child labour throughout the company

14. Pustaka R. G. Berger (Ed.). 2007. Flavours and Fragrances. Chemistry, Bioprocessing and Sustainability. Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York.

15. Tugas Buat naskah ilmiah produksi flavor/aroma untuk makanan atau non makanan Makalah minimal dibuat dari lima jurnal. Satu kelompok 2 atau 3 orang. Dikumpulkan minggu depan Materi terutama menyangkut karakteristik (bahan dan produk) lainnya adalah tambahan atau pelengkap naskah.