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Fluid Mechanics Ch-8 Buoyancy Pressure Flow
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Fluids Fluids flow and alter shape Which states of matter are fluid? Liquid Gas Plasma
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Gasses fill and conform to their container Chlorine gas Cl 2
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Plasma’s conform to magnetic fields At PPPL they are experimenting on the fusion of hydrogen plasma
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Density = m/V “rho” = mass/volume Density of Steam = 0.598 kg/m 3 Density of Mercury = 13.6 x 10 3 kg/m 3
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Buoyancy F B = F g (of displaced fluid) = m o g
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Archimedes Principle F net = m f g - m o g
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Ships are rated as displacing tons of seawater
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Fluid Pressure P = F/A Force/unit area Pounds/in 2 (Psi) Or N/m 2 (Pascals) 4000 N/m 2
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10 7 Pascal
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Fluid Pressure P = F/A Force/unit area PSI (lbs/insquared)
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Pressure increases as area applied decreases F 1 /A 1 = F 2 /A 2
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Hydraulics at the Dentist
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Syringe hydraulic lift I raise a 10 N rock with a hydraulic piston that is 13 mm in radius using water connected to a 1.5 mm radius syringe. How much force is necessary for this lift to raise the rock?
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Pressure as a Function of Depth P = P o + gh
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Submarine Ballast Tanks The density of the whole device is adjusted by releasing compressed air
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WWIII Submarine section
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Buoyant force results from differing pressure at depth F B =A(P o + gh 2 )-A(P o + gh 1 ) F B = g(h 2 -h 1 )A F B = gV F B =m f g That’s Archimedes Principle
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The Coanda Effect Fluid adheres to surfaces Flowing fluids are directed by curved surfaces
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Bernouli’s Principle on Air foils Air flowing across and air foil flows faster across the top Pressure is lower of the air flows faster Fnet is upward
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Coanda Effect breaks down at high angles of attack The Coanda effect guides the air flow along the surface The air flow breaks free and turbulent flow results Stall occurs
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Coanda Develops First Jet engine aircraft, 1910 It crashes, he loses funding Lost technology for 30 years
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