1. A Global Conflict
13.3

2. The Gallipoli Campaign
What was the purpose of the Gallipoli campaign?
The Dardanelles opened a gateway to the Ottoman capital, Constantinople
By securing the Dardanelles, the Allies believed they could take Constantinople and establish a supply line to Russia
What was the result of the Gallipoli campaign?
The war turned into a bloody stalemate
In December, after months of trench warfare, the Allies gave up and evacuated
250,000 Allied casualties resulted

3. The Dardanelles

4. The U.S. Enters the War 1. U.S.-British relations 2. The Lusitania
The U.S. shared a bond with Great Britain due to its common language and ancestry
2. The Lusitania
Germans announce policy of unrestricted submarine warfare
May 1915: A German U-boat sinks the British passenger liner, the Lusitania because they suspected it carried ammunition
Over 1,000 people were killed, including 128 American citizens

5. The U.S. Enters the War 3. The Zimmerman Note
U.S. officials intercept a telegram written by German foreign secretary Arthur Zimmerman
The telegram was meant for Mexico and promised to help Mexico “reconquer” it’s land from the U.S. if they sided with the Central Powers
This was the last straw for the U.S.
The U.S. declares ware on Germany in 1917

6. Russia withdraws from the War
Why did the czar’s government collapse?
Russian citizens were frustrated by lack of food and fuel
Civil unrest led to the Czar stepping down
By 1917, 5.5 million Russian soldiers had been wounded, killed or taken prisoner
Vladimir Lenin led a Communist Revolution and overthrew the new government
Signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, ending Russia’s involvement in World War I

7. Second Battle of the Marne
What was the significance of this battle?
After Russia’s withdrawal, Germany sends all of its troops to the Western front
Germans reached the Marne River, just 40 miles outside of Paris
The Allies, including 140,000 fresh U.S. troops launched a counterattack
The refreshed Allied powers used tanks to push back the exhausted German forces

8. World War I Ends
What events signaled the defeat of the Central Powers?
Kaiser Wilhelm steps down after soldiers mutiny
Germany declares itself a republic
On November 11th, 1918, Germany and France signed an armistice, effectively ending the war

9. Review
1. Which of the following is NOT a reason that the U.S. joined the war?
A. Interception of the Zimmerman note
B. Germany’s use of unrestricted submarine warfare
C. Cultural and political ties to Great Britain
D. An alliance with Serbia

10. 2. Which of the following best describes the end of World War I?
A. The opposing sides made an agreement to stop the war
B. The Central powers forced the Allied powers to surrender after the 2nd battle of the Marne
C. The Germans claimed victory after the Russians dropped out of the war
D. The Allied powers forced the Central powers to surrender after the Americans joined the war

11. 3. What was the purpose of the Gallipoli campaign?
A. The Allied powers hoped to seek revenge for the sinking of the Lusitania
B. The Allied powers hoped to gain a supply line for Russia
C. The Allied powers hoped to weaken the Central powers by eliminating any threats from the Ottoman empire
D. The Allied powers hoped to gain a port on the Aegean Sea

12. 4. Which of the following led to the signing of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk?
A. Russian citizens suffered a shortage of food and fuel
B. The Czar was forced to step down
C. Lenin led a communist revolution which instituted a new government in Russia
D. All of the above

13. 5. What advantage did the Allied powers have over the Germans at the Second Battle of the Marne?
A. Germany was taken by surprise in the Allied attack
B. The Allies were aided by refreshed American troops
C. The Allies used airplanes to drop bombs on German troops
D. All of the above