1. The Cold War

2. Stalin’s U.S.S.R. Joseph Stalin: Took over after Lenin’s death
Became a brutal dictator

3. Totalitarian State:
Only one political party allowed → the Communist Party
Took control of all aspects of life

4. Collectivization Stalin’s plan to improve farming
Eliminated small farms – they were “collected” onto large, state-run farms
If you refused, you DIED

5. 5-Year Plan Stalin’s plan to industrialize
Focused on heavy industry (military, steel, mining, farm machines)
Not on consumer goods (things for people’s lives)

6. Purges
Stalin’s attempt to eliminate anyone that could threaten his control
Many government officials were imprisoned or executed

7. Ex. Trotsky exiled and killed

9. + =

10. World War II Stalin signed a non- aggression pact with Hitler
Germany attacked the USSR → the USSR joined the “Allies”

11. The Cold War Churchill Stalin Roosevelt Yeah RIGHT
I’ll help fight Japan
and I’ll totally allow
free elections in
Eastern European
countries soon.
Yeah RIGHT
Churchill
Stalin
Roosevelt

13. Divide it into
4 zones of
occupation

14. The Cold War Roots of the Cold War:
There were essential political differences between the two sides (U.S. and U.S.S.R.)
There was a great deal of mistrust after World War II
The way Europe was divided up after WW II caused an uneasy tension

15. Cold War Terms:
Iron Curtain: name for the imaginary dividing line between the Democratic Western European nations and the Communist East European nations
From Stettin in the Baltic
to Trieste in the Adriatic
an "iron curtain" has descended
across the Continent.

16. Cold War Terms:
Eastern Bloc: the group of nations – that were communist – in Eastern Europe (behind the “Iron Curtain”)

17. Communist “satellites”: Another name for the “Eastern Bloc” nations
Countries that were “controlled” by and near the USSR
Communist

18. The 2 Sides USA USSR Totalitarian Republic (communist) Market economy
Alliance
Leading Nation
Foreign Policy
Economic System
Type of Government
N.A.T.O. (North Atlantic
Treaty Organization)
The Warsaw Pact
USA
USSR
Containment – stop the
spread of communism
Marxism – spread
Communism through rev
Market economy
Command economy
Totalitarian
(communist)
Republic

19. Command Economy “Central Planning”
State-control of production, quotas, distribution All economic decisions made by gov’t
NO private business  only GOV’T ownership

20. Containment

21. Events of the Cold War Marshall Plan / Truman Doctrine:
U.S. offered billions of $ to help rebuild European nations after WW2 as long as they were NOT communist

22. Germany should stay weak!
Berlin Airlift
You can go,
But I’m not leaving!
Germany should stay weak!

23. Communists tried a blockade to force the allies out of Berlin (in East Germany)
No road travel in or out of West Berlin
Help! We need food! We’re starving!
Eventually, I Hope that Allies will just give up West Berlin to the USSR

24. The Allies Air lift supplies to West Berlin for 11 months!
No trains or cars?
The Allies Air lift supplies
to West Berlin for 11 months!

29. Operation Little Vittles

30. Forcing Stalin to give up the blockade
Fine!

31. Arms Race:
a race between 2 “super powers” (U.S. vs. U.S.S.R.) to gather bigger, better and more weapons

32. MAD – Mutually Assured Destruction

33. Space Race A race for national pride mostly
It began when the Soviets put the first satellite, “Sputnik” into orbit

34. Berlin Wall The wall became the symbol of the Cold War
The Communists put up a wall to keep East Berliners from escaping to West Berlin

35. Cuban Missile Crisis The Soviets put nuclear missiles in Cuba
The U.S. ordered the Soviet Union to take them out
The closest the world ever came to nuclear destruction
The Soviet Union backed down and pulled the missiles out

36. Cuban Missile Crisis
The Soviets put nuclear missiles in Cuba

37. 90 miles!

38. Missile Range

39. U.S. President JFK ordered a blockade of Cuba and told the USSR to remove the missiles

40. The closest the world ever came to nuclear destruction

41. Kennedy
Khrushchev
nuclear holocaust

42. The Soviet Union backed down and pulled the missiles out

43. Détente
A “warming” of relations between the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. (1970’s – 1980’s)
Treaties were signed that limited nuclear weapons in each nation

44. Brinksmanship
replaced

45. By détente Détente: French noun (a) relaxation of a person;
release of a spring,
slackening of a rope,
easing of relations

46. A “warming” of tensions between the U. S. and the U. S. S. R
A “warming” of tensions between the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. (1970’s – 1980’s)
Relieves Cold War tension!

47. President Nixon met with the leaders of

48. USSR and China

49. USSR and China

50. SALT I (Strategic Arms Limitation Talks)

51. reduce # of ICBMs and submarine missiles

52. reduce # of ICBMs and submarine missiles

53. Helsinki Accords

54. Treaties were signed that limited nuclear weapons in each nation (ex
Treaties were signed that limited nuclear weapons in each nation (ex. SALT)

55. Fall of the USSR - CAUSES
Changing of the Guard
A new, younger generation leader was chosen – Mikhail Gorbechev

56. FALL OF THE USSR
Fall of the Berlin Wall (1989) symbol of the end of the Cold War

57. Fall of the USSR - CAUSES
Glasnost: “openness” examples: some freedom of religion and press
Perestroika: “restructuring” examples: allow some capitalism

58. Failure of the economy:
Too much sacrificing “butter for guns” (too much military spending-not consumer!)
Perestroika weakened an already poor economy

59. Challenges to the Soviet control of satellite nations
Began with workers in Poland
Other “Eastern Bloc” nations did the same
It’s time to
break free!

60. Break-up of the USSR
After seeing Warsaw Pact nations end communism, Soviet citizens wanted the same thing
Protests were not stopped and the Republics turned into separate independent nations

61. Results of the fall of the USSR
New nations formed:
Russia became the largest most important
Some of the Republics formed an economic alliance called the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)

62. Results of the fall of the USSR
Effects on world communism: other Communist nations suffered (no more support from the U.S.S.R.)
Ending of the Cold War: no more U.S.S.R., no more cold war