2. What are the characteristics of a leader that is considered “magnificent?

3. Military ConquestsMilitary Conquests  Conquered Budapest (1526), burned the city, and withdrew his troops  Took over control of N. Africa  1543 took over control of Hungary  Expanded east into Persia and south into Mesopotamia  Europeans considered him important to balance of power – allied with Charles V of France

5. Suleiman, the LawgiverSuleiman, the Lawgiver  Awarded based on merit  Updated and simplified the legal code  Crime punishments more focused on fines than physical punishment  Regulation of market and trade

6. Education  All through the ulema  Ulema exempt from taxes – created education aristocracy  Free education to all Muslim boys

7. Art & ArchitectureArt & Architecture  Greatly patronized the arts  Istanbul becomes center of Islamic civilization  Series of building projects – mosques, palaces

8. Movie: Suleiman, Leader of the Ottoman EmpireMovie: Suleiman, Leader of the Ottoman Empire

9. Choosing his successorChoosing his successor  Woman convinced him to choose her son, Selim  Selim takes over – kills everyone else

10. The Ottoman Empire Declines….

11. Why did it decline after Suleiman?Why did it decline after Suleiman? Islamic historians say…  Corruption in the government  Decreased interest of the government in popular opinion  Began with Selim II, Suleiman’s son

12. Selim IISelim II  Didn’t really care about affairs of government – gave a lot of power to his vizier  “Selim the Drunkard”  Never had the training from Suleiman  Relied heavily on Great Vizier – sets a model  Only rules for 8 years

13. Problems only continue…Problems only continue…  Power struggles  Rise no longer based on merit  Strong European military powers beat back Ottomans  Rapid population increase  Creation of new trade routes that bypassed Istanbul  Failure to Industrialize

14. Then you had little thing called World War I...  Ottoman Empire defeated  Turkey officially a country on November 1, 1922