1. Property of Lear Siegler

2. DISTANCE AND DIRECTION Property of Lear Siegler

3. Find the airport at 31° 58’ North, 87° 20’ West Property of Lear Siegler

6. A B C - Mode “C” A B C D - Dialogue Property of Lear Siegler

7. Terminal Learning Objective At the completion of this lesson the student will: Action: Identify the characteristics of a course Condition: Given a plotter and a Sectional Aeronautical Chart Standard: In Accordance With (IAW) Field Manual (FM) 3-04.240 Property of Lear Siegler

8. Enabling Learning Objective (ELO) #1 Action: Select scales used for measurements Condition: Given a plotter Standard: IAW FM 1-240 Property of Lear Siegler

9. SP - 4 Flight Plotter Sectional Chart Side, 1:500,000 Property of Lear Siegler

10. PLU-2/C Flight Plotter For Sectional Charts, Use 1:500,000

11. SP - 4 Flight Plotter Sectional Chart Side, 1:500,000 WARNING !!! Do not use the 1:1,000,000 scale side of the plotter! Property of Lear Siegler

12. Nautical Mile Scale - Top Scale Labeled every 5 NM, 0 to 60 NM Property of Lear Siegler

13. Nautical Mile Scale - Top Scale Longer black increments placed every 1 NM Shorter black increments placed every 1/2 NM Property of Lear Siegler

14. Statute Mile Scale - Bottom Scale Labeled every 5 SM, 0 to 70 SM Property of Lear Siegler

15. Statute Mile Scale - Bottom Scale Longer black increments placed every 1 SM Shorter black increments placed every 1/2 SM Property of Lear Siegler

16. Nautical Mile Scale – 1:500,000 Scale Labeled every 5 NM, 0 to 55 NM

17. Nautical Mile Scale – Bottom Line Longer black increments placed every 2 1/2 NM Shorter black increments placed every 1/2 NM

18. Grommet Used to center longitude/latitude lines when measuring direction Property of Lear Siegler

19. Direction Scales Using longitude lines Outer scale - use for flights in an easterly direction, 0° to 180° Property of Lear Siegler

20. Direction Scales Using longitude lines Inner scale - use for flights in an westerly direction, 180° to 360° Property of Lear Siegler

21. Direction Scales Marked in 1° increments and read from right to left, regardless of direction of flight Property of Lear Siegler

22. 60° Direction Scales Using latitude lines 60° scale is located inside the two larger scales Property of Lear Siegler

23. 60° Direction Scales Using latitude lines Outer scales - use for flight in a southeast, southwest direction, 150° - 210° Property of Lear Siegler

24. 60° Direction Scales Using latitude lines Inner scales - use for flight in a northeast, northwest direction, 030° - 330° Property of Lear Siegler

25. Questions? Property of Lear Siegler

26. Enabling Learning Objective (ELO) #2 Action: Measure distance Condition: Given a plotter and Sectional Aeronautical Chart Standard: IAW FM 1-240 Property of Lear Siegler

27. 1. Locate coordinate intersection. DRAWING AND MEASURING COURSE LINES 2. Draw course line. 3. Measure the distance in nautical miles. Property of Lear Siegler

28. 1. Locate coordinate intersection. DRAWING AND MEASURING COURSE LINES 2. Draw course line.3. Measure the distance in nautical miles. DISTANCE 25 NM Property of Lear Siegler

29. 1. Locate coordinate intersection. DRAWING AND MEASURING COURSE LINES 2. Draw course line.3. Measure the distance in nautical miles. DISTANCE 25 NM Property of Lear Siegler

30. Questions? Property of Lear Siegler

31. Enabling Learning Objective (ELO) #3 Action: Plot a course in degrees Condition: Given a plotter and Sectional Aeronautical Chart Standard: IAW FM 1-240 Property of Lear Siegler

32. TRUE COURSE True course is always measured clockwise from true north to the proposed path of flight. Property of Lear Siegler

33. 1. Locate coordinates and draw course line between the two points. DRAWING COURSE LINES AND MEASURING TRUE COURSE 2. Estimate approximate direction before measuring. 3. Slide plotter along course line using any parallel line on the plotter until longitude line intersects grommet. 4. Use inner/outer scale and read direction in degrees. Property of Lear Siegler

34. 1. Locate coordinates and draw course lines. MEASURING TRUE COURSE 2. Estimate approximate direction before measuring. 3. Slide plotter along course line until longitude line intersects grommet. 4. Use inner/outer scale to read direction in degrees. NORTH? SOUTH? SOUTHEAST? NORTHEAST? DIRECTION - 045° NOTICE! STRAIGHTEDGE OF THE PLOTTER MUST REMAIN PARALLEL TO COURSE LINE. Property of Lear Siegler

35. 1. Locate coordinates and draw course lines. MEASURING TRUE COURSE 2. Estimate approximate direction before measuring. 3. Slide plotter along course line until longitude line intersects grommet. 4. Use inner/outer scale to read direction in degrees. NORTH? SOUTH? SOUTHEAST? NORTHEAST? DIRECTION - 045° NOTICE! STRAIGHTEDGE OF THE PLOTTER MUST REMAIN PARALLEL TO COURSE LINE. Property of Lear Siegler

36. 1. Locate coordinates and draw course line between the two points. DRAWING COURSE LINES AND MEASURING TRUE COURSE - 60° SCALE 2. Estimate approximate direction before measuring. 3. Slide plotter along course line using any parallel line on the plotter until latitude line intersects grommet. 4. Use 60° inner/outer scale and read direction in degrees. Property of Lear Siegler

37. 1. Locate coordinates and draw course lines. MEASURING TRUE COURSE 2. Estimate approximate direction before measuring. 3. Slide plotter along course line until latitude line intersects grommet. 4. Use 60° inner/outer scale to read direction in degrees. NORTH? SOUTH? SOUTHEAST? NORTHEAST? DIRECTION - 013° Property of Lear Siegler

38. 1. Locate coordinates and draw course lines. MEASURING TRUE COURSE 2. Estimate approximate direction before measuring. 3. Slide plotter along course line until latitude line intersects grommet. 4. Use 60° inner/outer scale to read direction in degrees. NORTH? SOUTH? SOUTHEAST? NORTHEAST? NOTICE! STRAIGHTEDGE OF THE PLOTTER MUST REMAIN PARALLEL TO COURSE LINE. DIRECTION - 013° Property of Lear Siegler

39. 1. Place a tick mark every 10 NM. MARKING A COURSE LINE 2. Label tick marks every 20 NM. 3. Select a visual check point every 15 NM. Property of Lear Siegler

40. 1. Tick mark course line every 10 NM. MARKING A COURSE LINE 2. Label tick marks every 20 NM. 3. Select a visual checkpoint every 15 NM. Property of Lear Siegler 20 40

41. 1. Cities, towns, and airfields. DAY VFR CHECKPOINTS 2. Highways and railroad intersections. 3. Prominent rivers and lakes. Property of Lear Siegler 4. Prominent terrain features. 5. Towers. 6. Prominent man-made features.

42. 1. Airport rotating beacons. NIGHT VFR CHECKPOINTS 2. Cities and large towns. 3. Major, well traveled highways. Property of Lear Siegler 4. Prominent lakes and rivers if moonlit or near large cities.

43. Questions? Property of Lear Siegler

44. Enabling Learning Objective (ELO) #4 Action: Survey route of flight for hazards Condition: Given Sectional Aeronautical Chart Standard: IAW FM 1-240 Property of Lear Siegler

45. 1. Determine highest MEF. SURVEYING HAZARDS ALONG A COURSE LINE 2. Determine elevation of highest terrain. 3. Determine obstructions. Property of Lear Siegler 4. Determine classes and types of airspace. 5. Determine emergency airfields.

46. Questions? Property of Lear Siegler For light background reading: FM 3-04.240 Chapter 4 Paragraph 4-92 through 4-100