1. Schizophrenia By: Khergtin Sanchez Period 4

2. Associated Features Schizophrenia- Mental disorder that is characterized by disorganized and delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions, and inappropriate emotions and actions. The primary symptoms are called the four A’s: Ambivalence Affect Association Autism

3. Associated Features There are 5 subtypes: Paranoid type Catatonic type Disorganized type Undifferentiated type Residual type There are 2 types: I. Reactive or acute schizophrenia II. Process schizophrenia

4. Associated Features Positive symptoms: - hallucinations - talk in disorganized and deluded ways -exhibit inappropriate laughter, tears, or rage Positive is the presence of inappropriate behavior Negative symptoms: - toneless voices - expressionless faces - mute and rigid bodies Negative is the absence of inappropriate behaviors

5. Associated Features In Schizophrenia There is a marked disturbance, lasting at least 6 months, and includes at least 1 month of active symptoms Phases of schizophrenia: -Active -Prodromal - Residual

6. Associated Features DSM-IV-TR Criteria A.Characteristic symptoms: Two or more of the following, each present for a significant portion of time during a one- month period: delusions hallucinations disorganized speech (e.g., frequent derailment or incoherence) grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior negative symptoms (i.e., affective flattening, alogia, or abolition). Note Only one Criterion A symptom is required if delusions are bizarre or hallucinations consist of a voice keeping up a running commentary on the person's behavior or thoughts, or two or more voices conversing with each other. B. Social/occupational dysfunction: Since the onset of the disturbance, one or more major areas of functioning, such as work, interpersonal relations, or self-care, are markedly below the level previously achieved.

7. Associated Features C. Duration: Continuous signs of the disturbance persist for at least six months. This six-month period must include at least one month of symptoms (or less if successfully treated) that meet Criterion A. D. Exclusion of schizoaffective disorder and mood disorder with psychotic features. E. Substance/general medical condition exclusion: the disturbance is not due to the direct physiological effects of a substance (e.g., a drug of abuse, a medication) or a general medical condition. F. Relationship to a pervasive developmental disorder: If there is a history of autistic disorder or another pervasive development disorder, the diagnosis of schizophrenia is made only if prominent delusions or hallucinations are also present for at least a month (or less if successfully treated).

8. Prevalence How common is Schizophrenia? - Nearly 1 in 100 people will develop this disorder -Strikes as young people are maturing into adulthood -affects both male and female -but tends to focus more on young men (18-25) - females (25-mid thirties) age could vary widely - inheriting: 5% to 10% individual risk for the offspring

9. Etiology It is unknown how these causes interact with each other - there are genetics that could be inherited which could be combined with environmental experiences as well with stressors (perceived threat in our lives, things we can’t control)

10. Treatment Psychotherapy ( help individual with their medication) get involved in activities Medication ( antipsychotic, antidepressant, and anti anxiety medication) Coping Guidelines ( support them) Self-help (overlooked by medical professions) medication control, difficult time in social situations

11. Prognosis Although some patients recover from a single episode, the rest remain ill and unable to work for life, but recovery is possible Early intervention could improve outcome For every 5 people who develop Schizophrenia: - 1 will get better within five years of their first episode - 3 will get better, but will still have symptoms, time were symptoms get worse - 1 will still have troublesome symptoms

12. References Halign, R.P, & Whitbourne, S.K. (2005). Abnormal psychology: clinical perspectives on psychological disorders. New York, NY: McGraw Hill Myers, D.G. (2011). Myers’ Psychology for ap. New York, NY: Worth Publisher Smith, T. (2009, 02, 21). Your health: inherited risk of schizophrenia. Richmond Times-Dispatch (VA). Retrieved from Newspaper Source database.

13. Discussion Do you think that Schizophrenia could lead to suicide ?