1. 1 Copyright © 2011, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved. Computational Fluid Dynamics of Particle Transport and Deposition Chapter 2 Goodarz Ahmadi

2. 2 Copyright © 2011, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved. FIGURE 2.1 Comparison of computer simulations of He and Ahmadi [19] for deposition of spherical particles in duct flows with experimental data collected by Papavergos and Hedley [49] and earlier simulation as well as model predictions of Fan and Ahmadi [10,11] and Wood [47,48].

3. 3 Copyright © 2011, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved. FIGURE 2.2 Comparison of computer simulations of He and Ahmadi [19] and Soltani and Ahmadi [50] for deposition of charged particles in duct flows with the empirical model predictions of Fan and Ahmadi [10,11] and Wood [47,48].

4. 4 Copyright © 2011, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved. FIGURE 2.3 A sample mesh that was used in the computation and a sample velocity vector field near carina.

5. 5 Copyright © 2011, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved. FIGURE 2.4 Mean velocity contours across the upper airways.

6. 6 Copyright © 2011, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved. FIGURE 2.5 Deposition pattern for different size particles.

7. 7 Copyright © 2011, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved. FIGURE 2.6 Comparison of the capture efficiencies versus Stokes numbers.

8. 8 Copyright © 2011, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved. FIGURE 2.7 Cross-sections of the nose of a human male obtained from MRI and used in developing the computational model. The contours are velocity magnitudes.

9. 9 Copyright © 2011, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved. FIGURE 2.8 The computational model of the nasal airway with various nose regions.

10. 10 Copyright © 2011, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved. FIGURE 2.9 Sample surface mesh used in the simulations [93].

11. 11 Copyright © 2011, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved. FIGURE 2.10 Sample velocity vector field in different section of the nasal airways.

12. 12 Copyright © 2011, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved. FIGURE 2.11 Comparison of the simulation results for the nose capture efficiency with the experimental data for particles of different sizes.

13. 13 Copyright © 2011, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved. FIGURE 2.12 Variations of nose capture efficiency with inverse Peclet number for particles smaller than 100 nm.

14. 14 Copyright © 2011, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved. FIGURE 2.13 Simulation results for the nose capture efficiency for particle of different sizes at different breathing rate.

15. 15 Copyright © 2011, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved. FIGURE 2.14 Variations of nose capture efficiency with Stokes number for particles in the size range of 200 nm–10 μm.