1. Processing speed and consciousness Based around Jordan (2013)

2. Who nose? Try this:  Person 1:  Sit in a chair, eyes closed  Person 2:  Sit in another chair in front of you, facing the same way  Person 3:  Stand on right side of person 1. Take person 1’s right hand, and guide their index finger to person 2’s nose.  Use person 1’s hand to stroke and tap (mix it up) person 2’s nose in a random, unpredictable manner.  At the same time stroke and tap person 1’s nose using the EXACT same rhythm and stroke/tap combination.  Keep going for about a minute. Get anything?

3. Who nose? What’s (where’s) the point?  Body image can be twisted within a few seconds.  Perception is about making things “work*”, no matter how weird or uncanny they seem.  *i.e. making connections between things  In this case, the only way to make sense of the simultaneous outstretched arm and nose contact is to grow a long nose (in perception anyway).  The ridiculousness of this, and yet it’s perceived reality, should convince you not to trust your senses too much  They are fooled in many other ways too, every time you move…

4. The illusion of conscious will? Conscious thoughts cause actions, right?  Not according to Wegner (2002)

5. The illusion of conscious will? Wegner (2002):  Illusion of conscious control comes from:  Thoughts precede actions (priority)  Actions consistent with the preceding thoughts (consistency)  Thoughts are only available cause (exclusivity)

6. The illusion of conscious will? Wegner (2002):  Illusion of conscious control comes from:  Thoughts precede actions (priority) But…Libet (1985) » Bereitschaftspotential…1s before movement » Conscious intention only 200ms before movement

7. The illusion of conscious will? Wegner (2002):  Illusion of conscious control comes from:  Actions consistent with the preceding thoughts (consistency) But… Feelings of control emerge in chance events, even though they are patently chance events » Simple previous success leads to inaccurate feelings of control

8. The illusion of conscious will? Wegner (2002):  Illusion of conscious control comes from:  Thoughts are only available cause (exclusivity) But… RT task You do the task, someone else sits behind you with their hand resting over yours Participants in this scenario attributed 37% of errors to other person, despite the other person not touching them  Sense of agency is an illusion.

9. The illusion of conscious will? Jordan (2013)  Perhaps the problem is how we see consciousness  Thoughts are not to cause actions  The relationship is rather more complex than that…  James (1890)  What is pre-specified is the outcome, not the movement Resident: immediate proprioceptive and other sensory consequences Remote: seeing, hearing Very remote: role of movement within other plans (e.g. making breakfast)

10. Multi-Scale Effect Control Jordan (2013)  All three sensible effects are  Pre-specified  Pre-specify effects that will result from movement  Jordan’s: this pre-specification of effects proceeds at “multiple time scales simultaneously”.  MSEC: