1. Passage Tombs

2. These are Ireland’s largest Megalithic tombs. They are circular mounds of earth or stone. Inside there is a stone-lined passage. This leads to a wider chamber. Archaeologists have found the remains of cremated human bodies. The most famous passage tombs are at Newgrange, Knowth & Dowth in Co. Meath

3. Newgrange Excavating since 1960s By carbon-dating objects found, archaeologists discovered it was built between 2675BC & 2485BC. Its older than the pyramids!

4. How did they build it ? Walls of the passages made from standing stones. Some of these brought from Wicklow, 60km away. Archaeologists believe that it could have taken 400 men over 16 years to build it.

5. Artwork Many stones are decorated with spiral, circle and diamond patterns. The most dramatic decoration is on the huge stone at the entrance.

6. Corbelled Roof The roof is an extension of the wall (meaning part of the wall)

7. A Corbelled roof was built by placing flat stones one on top of the other. Each layer of the wall is placed slightly in front of the other, overlapping until they meet in the centre. After 4,500 years there are no leaks in the roof at Newgrange.

9. The Roof Box Do you know what happens on the 21 December each year ? This day is called the winter solstice, it is the shortest day of the year.

10. The Winter Solstice As the sun rises it shines through the roof box and lights up the chamber. It lasts for about 17 minutes. They must have studied the movements of the sun.

11. Why was Newgrange built? We don’t know why it was built. But because there was cremated remains we believe it was used as a tomb. However only a few remains were found, so was used only for important people. Could it have been a temple to honour their gods? Could Neolithic farmers used it as a calendar to tell them when the shortest day was?

12. What does Newgrange tell us about Neolithic people? They were skilled builders. They understood the movements of the sun and astronomy. They were very artistic. They believed in an afterlife, grave goods were found in the chambers. They had great respect for their dead.

13. Grave Goods The cremated bodies were placed in megalithic tombs along with things they may need in the afterlife – grave goods

14. Credits 1.Newgrange http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/c1/Newgrange_from_air. JPG http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/c1/Newgrange_from_air. JPG 2.Artwork: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c5/Newgrange,_I reland.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c5/Newgrange,_I reland.jpg 3.Corbelled Roof: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/31/Techo_Newgr ange.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/31/Techo_Newgr ange.jpg 4.Roof Box: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/59/Roofbox_above_Entr ance.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/59/Roofbox_above_Entr ance.jpg 5.Solstice: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/e/e4/Solstice_alignment_i n_passage.JPG http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/e/e4/Solstice_alignment_i n_passage.JPG http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7f/Knowth.jpg 6. Grave Goods: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ ac/Lombard_grave_goods_from_Marmstorf.jpg

15. Fís Foghlaim Forbairt www. pdst. ie © PDST 2014 This work is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 3.0 Licence http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ie/. You may use and re-use this material (not including images and logos) free of charge in any format or medium, under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike Licence.http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ie/