1. Low Expansion Foam NFPA 11 class B forms blanket
flammable liquids, FP < 1000F
combustible liquids FP > 1000F
forms blanket
2-D horizontal surface
tank farms, airports etc.

2. Expansion Ratio Classification Range Low expansion up to 20:1
Medium 20:1 to 100:1
High :1 to 1000:1

3. Components of Foam Air Concentrate Water within bubbles most of volume
to be mixed with water
final concentration 3% or 6%
Water
water + concentrate = solution

4. Types of Foam Protein older type no film from animal protein
little in use now

5. Types of Foam
Fluoroprotein
better than protein
forms film

6. Types of Foam Aqueous Film Forming Foam AFFF most common for fuels
thin film
not for alcohols

7. Types of Foam Alcohol Resistant also “Alcohol type” for small alcohols
methanol, ethanol etc
from membrane bewteen water and foam

8. Types of Foam
Chemical
chemically generated foam
obsolete

9. Proportioning Methods
To mix concentrate with water
either 3% or 6% concentrate in water
3 mechanisms
Venturi proportioner
Pressure proportioner
Balanced pressure proportioner
skip details

10. Types of Systems Mobile Semi-Fixed fire dept. trucks
permanent piping, foam makers
mobile concentrate and pump

11. Types of Systems Fixed Subsurface injection Surface application
seal protection for floating roofs
dike protection

12. Sub-Surface Injection
Fixed roof storage tank
foam applied below surface
floats to surface
gentle, uniform application
fluoroprotein foam
has good fuel-shedding properties

13. Sub-Surface Injection-design
1. Calculate fuel surface area
A =( )( r)2
2. Determine application rate (R) and discharge time (T)
see 3.8

14. Sub-Surface Injection-design
3. Calculate discharge rate (D) and foam concentrate quantity (Q)
D = (A) x (R)
Q = (A) x (R) x (T) x (%)
4. Determine the number of subsurface application outlets
see 3.9

15. Sub-Surface Injection-design
5. Determine supplementary requirements
number of hoses (see 3-10)
discharge time (see 3-11)
6. Calculate supplementary discharge rate (Ds) and foam quantity (Qs)
Ds = (N) x (50 gpm)
Qs = (N) x (50 gpm) x (Ts) x (%)

16. Sub-Surface Injection-design
Total requirement for concentrate
Qtotal = Q + Qs
see example 3.1

17. Surface Application
Fixed discharge units
on rim of tank

18. Surface Injection-design
1. Calculate fuel surface area
A =( )( r)2
2. Determine application rate (R) and discharge time (T)
see 3.14
note difference between types I and II

19. Surface Injection-design
3. Calculate discharge rate (D) and foam concentrate quantity (Q)
D = (A) x (R)
Q = (A) x (R) x (T) x (%)
4. Determine the number of surface application outlets
see 3.15

20. Surface Injection-design
5. Determine supplementary requirements
number of hoses (see 3-10)
discharge time (see 3-11)
6. Calculate supplementary discharge rate (Ds) and foam quantity (Qs)
Ds = (N) x (50 gpm)
Qs = (N) x (50 gpm) x (Ts) x (%)

21. Surface Injection-design
Total requirement for concentrate
Qtotal = Q + Qs
see example 3.2

22. Seal Protection Floating Roof Tanks
No vapour space
gap at edge of roof a problem
seal spans gap

23. Floating Roof Tanks-design
1. Calculate fuel surface area
A = total roof area - unprotected roof area
A =( )( r1)2 - ( )( r2)2
2. Determine application rate (R) and discharge time (T)
R = .30 gpm/ft2
T = 20 min.

24. Floating Roof Tanks-design
3. Calculate discharge rate (D) and foam concentrate quantity (Q)
D = (A) x (R)
Q = (A) x (R) x (T) x (%)
4. Determine the spacing of outlets
see text

25. Floating Roof Tanks-design
5. Determine number of discharge devices
N = C/S
N = number
C = circumference ( x diameter)
S = maximum spacing

26. Floating Roof Tanks-design
6. Determine supplementary requirements
number of hoses (see 3-10)
discharge time (see 3-11)
7. Calculate supplementary discharge rate (Ds) and foam quantity (Qs)
Ds = (N) x (50 gpm)
Qs = (N) x (50 gpm) x (Ts) x (%)

27. Floating Roof Tanks-design
Total requirement for concentrate
Qtotal = Q + Qs
see example 3.3

28. Dike Protection
To contain tank farm

29. Dike Protection- Design
1. Calculate dike surface area
A = dike length x dike width
2. Determine application rate (R) and discharge time (T)
R = .10 gpm/ft2 fixed outlets
R = .16 gpm/ft2 monitors
T = 30 min., flamm. liquids
T = 20 min., comb. liquids

30. Dike Protection- Design
3. Calculate discharge rate (D) and foam concentrate quantity (Q)
D = (A) x (R)
Q = (A) x (R) x (T) x (%)
4. Determine the number of discharge devices
every 30 ft
N = (2L + 2W)/30
see 3.4

31. Aircraft Hangers
omit

32. Truck Loading Rack

33. Truck Loading Rack
Hazards

34. Truck Loading Rack
Strategy

35. Truck Loading Rack
Design