1. Workshop on Model Urbanization Strategy, Exeter, UK. 3-4 May 2007 Fei Chen, Mukul Tewari, Miao Shiguang,Yubao Liu, Allen Chan, George Bieberbach, Tom Warner: NCAR Hiroyuki Kusaka: University of Tsukuba, Japan Integrated Urban Modeling System for the Community WRF Model: Current Status and Future Plan Outline Overview of an urban modeling framework Examples of applying this modeling system Future work

2. Workshop on Model Urbanization Strategy, Exeter, UK. 3-4 May 2007 Composite NEXRAD Radar Valid 6/8/03 12Z 4 km WRF BAMEX realtime 12-h forecast Reflectivity Next-Generation Mesoscale Modeling: The Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) Collaborative partnership, principally among NCAR, NOAA, DoD, FAA, AFWA, and universities. WRF development conducted by 15 WRF Working Groups. WRF WG 15: land surface model Goals: Develop advanced mesoscale forecast and assimilation system and accelerate research advances into operations

3. Integrated WRF Urban Modeling Framework urban land use characteristics Surface emission sources Urbanized high-res land data assimilation system (u-HRLDAS) Fine-scale atmospheric analysis (FDDA) WRF/Noah/Urban coupled modeling system Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) models Transport and Dispersion models Chemistry models Urban decision support systems

4. Workshop on Model Urbanization Strategy, Exeter, UK. 3-4 May 2007 Integrate Surface Emission Model MEGAN: Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature (Guenther 2006) Global biogenic emissions model –1 km 2 spatial resolution –Predicts emissions of > 50 BVOC (Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds) Emission i = AEF i * MEA * WEA * HEA

5. The Noah Land Surface Model Noah LSM primarily for NWP, air pollution, and regional hydrology applications Noah in operational models NCEP WRF-NMM (June 2006) AFWA: WRF-ARW (July 2006) Single layer urban-canopy model (UCM, based on Kusaka 2001) 2-D urban geometry Street canyons Shadowing from buildings and reflection of radiation Anthropogenic heating Multi-layer roof, wall and road models Natural surface Man-made surface Coupled through ‘urban fraction’

6. Workshop on Model Urbanization Strategy, Exeter, UK. 3-4 May 2007 Urbanized high-resolution land data assimilation system (u-HRLDAS) No routine high-resolution soil and urban observation for initializing WRF/UCM HRLDAS: Using observations to drive LSMs in uncoupled mode –long term evolution of multi-layer soil moisture, soil temperature, roof/wall/road temperature, surface fluxes, and runoff 4-km HRLDAS surface soil moisture in IHOP domain 12 Z May 29 2002. Chen et al. 2007, J. Appli. Met. Clim.

7. Workshop on Model Urbanization Strategy, Exeter, UK. 3-4 May 2007 Both roof and wall temperatures reach equilibrium within a month; roof temperature has fastest spin-up. However, deep-layer road temperatures still evolve after 30 days. u-HRLDAS Spin-up

8. Workshop on Model Urbanization Strategy, Exeter, UK. 3-4 May 2007 U-HRLDAS simulated spatial distribution of roof, wall, and road surface temperature valid at 1 January 2006 for Houston Highly dependent on urban types Reflecting strong heterogeneity in urban environments roof road wall Example of u-HRLDAS

9. Workshop on Model Urbanization Strategy, Exeter, UK. 3-4 May 2007 Application of Coupled MM5/WRF Urban Models Houston: Diurnal cycle of wind profile (TexAQS-2000) Hong Kong: 10-day surface wind Beijing and Tokyo: surface weather, precipitation Salt Lake City: Diurnal wind direction (URBAN- 2000) Liu, Chen, Warner, and Basara: 2006, J Appli. Meteorol. Lo, Lau, Chen, and Fung, 2007: J. Appli. Meteorol. Lo, Lau, Fung, and Chen, 2006: J Geophys. Res. Zhang, Chen, and Miao 2006: J Geophys. Res., in revision. Oklahoma City: 2-m temperature (JU-2003)

10. Workshop on Model Urbanization Strategy, Exeter, UK. 3-4 May 2007 Daunting Challenge: Specify fine-scale urban parameters Urban fraction building height, ZR roughness for momentum above the urban canopy layer, Z0C roughness for heat above the urban canopy layer Z0HC zero-displacement height above the urban canopy layer, ZDC percentage of urban canopy, PUC sky view factor, SVF building coverage ratio (roof area ratio), R normalized building height, HGT drag coefficient by buildings, CDS buildings volumetric parameter, AS anthropogenic heat, AH heat capacity of the roof, wall, and road heat conductivity of the roof, wall, and road albedo of the roof, wall, and road emissivity of the roof, wall, and road roughness length for momentum of the roof, wall, and road roughness length for heat of the roof, wall, and road

11. Workshop on Model Urbanization Strategy, Exeter, UK. 3-4 May 2007 Gridded UCM parameters 1, ZR 2, Z0C, Z0HC, ZDC 3, FRC_URB 4, R, RW 5, HGT 6, SVF 7, AS 8, AH: AHB and AHC CDS, BETR, BETB, BETG CAPR, CAPB, CAPG AKSR, AKSB, AKSG ALBR, ALBB, ALBG EPSR, EPSB, EPSG Z0R, Z0B, Z0G, Z0HR, Z0HB, Z0HG UCM parameters assigned from table (urban_param.tbl) Example of defining urban parameters for Beijing

12. Workshop on Model Urbanization Strategy, Exeter, UK. 3-4 May 2007 WRF/Noah/UCM Model for Beijing Study)

13. Workshop on Model Urbanization Strategy, Exeter, UK. 3-4 May 2007 WRF/Noah/UCM Model for Beijing Study

14. Workshop on Model Urbanization Strategy, Exeter, UK. 3-4 May 2007 Sky View Factor (SVF) (45km*36km with 1-km resolution, Min~Max=0.22~1.0 ) 1980s 2000

15. Workshop on Model Urbanization Strategy, Exeter, UK. 3-4 May 2007 AH (Anthropogenic heat) 0800 LST Winter 0800 LST Summer Winter anthropogenic heating is higher than summer

16. Workshop on Model Urbanization Strategy, Exeter, UK. 3-4 May 2007 Diurnal Cycle of AH (Anthropogenic heat) Summer Winter

17. Workshop on Model Urbanization Strategy, Exeter, UK. 3-4 May 2007 Spatial Variance of land surface temperature MODIS Observations WRF/Noah/UCM simulations

18. Workshop on Model Urbanization Strategy, Exeter, UK. 3-4 May 2007 30-m Landsat land-cover Houston Aggregated to WRF 1-km domain Enhance WRF/UCM global land-use data with high-resolution detailed urban data

19. WRF/UCM simulated surface wind rotation in Houston for 25 August 2000 Sea-breeze (largely southerly flow) developed in opposite direction of background wind: Leading to a few hours of weak wind and accumulation of pollutants

20. Workshop on Model Urbanization Strategy, Exeter, UK. 3-4 May 2007 WRF/UCM simulation compared to obs from wind profiler at Ellington 25 Aug 2000 PBL depth

21. Workshop on Model Urbanization Strategy, Exeter, UK. 3-4 May 2007 The coupled WRF/Noah/UCM (single-layer) was released in WRF V2.2 (Dec 2006) –Documentation: http://rap.ucar.edu/research/land/technology/urban.php http://rap.ucar.edu/research/land/technology/urban.php –Promising to capture fine-scale urban weather phenomena Integrating other components (new land-use data, surface BVOC emission model, u-HRLDAS, 2-way coupling with CFD model) are in progress. High-resolution land-use data and initialization systems (u- HRLDAS and FDDA) are critical to improving WRF, T&D, and air quality models. Summary

22. Workshop on Model Urbanization Strategy, Exeter, UK. 3-4 May 2007 Conduct uncoupled simulations with different urban models now implemented in WRF Improve land use data sets Test and evaluate new model physics in WRF Collaborating with –Bob Bornstein: SJSU –Jason Ching: US EPA –Bill Coirier: CFDRC –Sue Grimmond: King’s College, UK. –Steve Burian: U. Utah Future Work

23. Workshop on Model Urbanization Strategy, Exeter, UK. 3-4 May 2007 Future Work Improve land-use data from global to urban scales MODIS vs AVHRR Red: urban areas in the Pearl River Delta, China 1993 USGS data 2001 MODIS data

24. Magenta :Observation Blue: LSM forecast Yellow: MM5 forecast The addition of urban treatment is able to capture the land sea breeze circulation enhanced by urban. Lo, Lau, Chen, and Fung, 2007, JAMC. (Lowest sigma level)

25. Workshop on Model Urbanization Strategy, Exeter, UK. 3-4 May 2007 Impacts of land-use change on transport and dispersion Simulated by HPAC (primarily through SCIPUFF) Nighttime surface dosage Cultivated Urban More Dispersion Less Advection

26. Workshop on Model Urbanization Strategy, Exeter, UK. 3-4 May 2007 Future Model Development Test a new k-  turbulence parameterization in WRF/UCM with emphasis on stable boundary layer processes (Freedman and Jacobson 2003). Enhance and test the multi-layer urban canopy model (Martilli-Dupont-EPA, Dupont et al. 2004).

27. Incorporating Building Morphological Data for Houston Test Case

28. Two-way coupling WRF/CFD through MCEL ( Model Coupling Environmental Library) WRF-Noah/UCM coupled model forecast Down- Scale Up- Scale Coupling  CFD-Urban: Hi-Res Urban Model CFD-Urban: T&D