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10 ft of veneer, out-of-plane (section property, distributed mass) 10 ft wood-stud frame, in-plane (realistic hysteresis) ¼ of mass of 10 ft of in-plane veneer + ¼ of total roof mass elasto-plastic spring for sliding friction of veneer, in-plane (resistance = 0.2~1.0 x weight of 10 ft of veneer, in-plane) connectors, out-of-plane (realisitic hysteresis) 10 ft of wood-stud frame, out-of-plane (section property, distributed mass) OpenSees Model A (wood)
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10 ft of veneer, out-of-plane (section property, distributed mass) ¼ of roof diaphragm (rigid rod, distributed mass) 10 ft of veneer, in-plane (rigid, distributed mass) 10 ft of wood-stud frame, out-of-plane (section property, distributed mass) 10 ft of wood-stud frame, in-plane (rigid, distributed mass) connectors, out-of-plane (realisitic hysteresis) rigid rod (simplified rigid connectors, in-plane) elasto-plastic spring for sliding friction (resistance = 0.2~1.0 x weight of 10 ft of veneer, in-plane) rotational spring for shear stiffness of wood-stud frame, in-plane (realistic hysteresis) OpenSees Model B (wood)
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10 ft of veneer, out-of-plane (section property, distributed mass) ¼ of roof diaphragm (rigid rod, distributed mass) 10 ft of veneer, in-plane (rigid, distributed mass) 10 ft of wood-stud frame, out-of-plane (section property, distributed mass) 10 ft of wood-stud frame, in-plane (rigid, distributed mass) connectors, out-of-plane (realisitic hysteresis) rigid rod (simplified rigid connectors, in-plane) elasto-plastic spring for sliding friction (resistance = 0.2~1.0 x weight of 10 ft of veneer, in-plane) rotational spring for shear stiffness of wood-stud frame, in-plane (realistic hysteresis) OpenSees Model B (wood)
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10 ft of veneer, out-of-plane (section property, distributed mass) ¼ of roof diaphragm (realistic stiffness, distributed mass) 10 ft of veneer, in-plane (rigid, distributed mass) 10 ft of wood-stud frame, out-of-plane (section property, distributed mass) 10 ft of wood-stud frame, in-plane (rigid, distributed mass) connectors, out-of-plane (realisitic hysteresis) rigid rod (simplified rigid connectors, in-plane) elasto-plastic spring for sliding friction (resistance = 0.2~0.6 x weight of 10 ft of veneer, in-plane) rotational spring for shear stiffness of wood-stud frame, in-plane (realistic hysteresis) OpenSees Model C (wood)
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10 ft of veneer, out-of-plane (section property, distributed mass) ¼ of roof diaphragm (realistic stiffness, distributed mass) 10 ft of veneer, in-plane (rigid, distributed mass) 10 ft of wood-stud frame, out-of-plane (section property, distributed mass) 10 ft of wood-stud frame, in-plane (rigid, distributed mass) connectors, out-of-plane (realisitic hysteresis) rigid rod (simplified rigid connectors, in-plane) elasto-plastic spring for sliding friction (resistance = 0.2~1.0 x weight of 10 ft of veneer, in-plane) rotational spring for shear stiffness of wood-stud frame, in-plane (realistic hysteresis) OpenSees Model C (wood)
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10 ft of veneer, out-of-plane (section property, distributed mass) elasto-plastic spring for sliding friction (resistance = 0.2~1.0x weight of 10 ft of veneer, in-plane) ¼ of roof diaphragm (realistic stiffness, distributed mass) 10 ft of veneer, in-plane (rigid, distributed mass) 10 ft of wood-stud frame, out-of-plane (section property, distributed mass) 10 ft of wood-stud frame, in-plane (rigid, distributed mass) rotational spring for shear stiffness of wood-stud frame, in-plane (realistic hysteresis) connectors, out-of-plane (realisitic hysteresis) connectors, in-plane (realistic hysteresis) OpenSees Model D (wood)
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10 ft of veneer, out-of-plane (section property, distributed mass) elasto-plastic spring for sliding friction (resistance = 0.2~1.0x weight of 10 ft of veneer, in-plane) ¼ of roof diaphragm (realistic stiffness, distributed mass) 10 ft of veneer, in-plane (rigid, distributed mass) 10 ft of wood-stud frame, out-of-plane (section property, distributed mass) 10 ft of wood-stud frame, in-plane (rigid, distributed mass) rotational spring for shear stiffness of wood-stud frame, in-plane (realistic hysteresis) connectors, out-of-plane (realisitic hysteresis) connectors, in-plane (realistic hysteresis) OpenSees Model D (wood)
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10 ft of veneer, out-of-plane (section property, distributed mass) elasto-plastic spring for sliding friction (include the difference between static and dynamic friction, resistance = 0.2~1.0 x weight of 10 ft of veneer, in-plane) ¼ of roof diaphragm (realistic stiffness, distributed mass) 10 ft of veneer, in-plane (rigid, distributed mass) 10 ft of wood-stud frame, out-of-plane (section property, distributed mass) 10 ft of wood-stud frame, in-plane (rigid, distributed mass) rotational spring for shear stiffness of wood-stud frame, in-plane (realistic hysteresis) connectors, out-of-plane (realisitic hysteresis) connectors, in-plane (realistic hysteresis) OpenSees Model E (wood) elasto-plastic, rotational spring for rocking (geometric stiffness from weight of 10 ft of veneer, in-plane )
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10 ft of veneer, out-of-plane (section property, distributed mass) elasto-plastic spring for sliding friction (include the difference between static and dynamic friction, resistance = 0.2~1.0 x weight of 10 ft of veneer, in-plane) ¼ of roof diaphragm (realistic stiffness, distributed mass) 10 ft of veneer, in-plane (rigid, distributed mass) 10 ft of wood-stud frame, out-of-plane (section property, distributed mass) 10 ft of wood-stud frame, in-plane (rigid, distributed mass) rotational spring for shear stiffness of wood-stud frame, in-plane (realistic hysteresis) connectors, out-of-plane (realisitic hysteresis) connectors, in-plane (realistic hysteresis) OpenSees Model E (wood) elasto-plastic, rotational spring for rocking (geometric stiffness from weight of 10 ft of veneer, in-plane )
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10 ft of veneer, out-of-plane (section property, distributed mass) ¼ of roof diaphragm (rigid rod, distributed mass) 10 ft of veneer, in-plane (rigid, distributed mass) 10 ft of CMU wall, out-of-plane (section property, distributed mass) 10 ft of CMU wall, in-plane (rigid, distributed mass) connectors, out-of-plane (realisitic hysteresis) rigid rod (simplified rigid connectors, in-plane) elasto-plastic spring for sliding friction (resistance = 0.2~1.0 x weight of 10 ft of veneer, in-plane) rotational spring for flexural stiffness of CMU wall, in-plane (realistic hysteresis) elasto-plastic spring for sliding friction (resistance = 0.2~1.0 x [weight of 10 ft of in-plane CMU wall + ¼ of roof diaphragm + force by vertical reinforcement]) OpenSees Model B (CMU)
![10 ft of veneer, out-of-plane (section property, distributed mass) ¼ of roof diaphragm (rigid rod, distributed mass) 10 ft of veneer, in-plane (rigid, distributed mass) 10 ft of CMU wall, out-of-plane (section property, distributed mass) 10 ft of CMU wall, in-plane (rigid, distributed mass) connectors, out-of-plane (realisitic hysteresis) rigid rod (simplified rigid connectors, in-plane) elasto-plastic spring for sliding friction (resistance = 0.2~1.0 x weight of 10 ft of veneer, in-plane) rotational spring for flexural stiffness of CMU wall, in-plane (realistic hysteresis) elasto-plastic spring for sliding friction (resistance = 0.2~1.0 x [weight of 10 ft of in-plane CMU wall + ¼ of roof diaphragm + force by vertical reinforcement]) OpenSees Model B (CMU)](http://images.slideplayer.com./15/4569809/slides/slide_10.jpg "10 ft of veneer, out-of-plane (section property, distributed mass) ¼ of roof diaphragm (rigid rod, distributed mass) 10 ft of veneer, in-plane (rigid, distributed mass) 10 ft of CMU wall, out-of-plane (section property, distributed mass) 10 ft of CMU wall, in-plane (rigid, distributed mass) connectors, out-of-plane (realisitic hysteresis) rigid rod (simplified rigid connectors, in-plane) elasto-plastic spring for sliding friction (resistance = 0.2~1.0 x weight of 10 ft of veneer, in-plane) rotational spring for flexural stiffness of CMU wall, in-plane (realistic hysteresis) elasto-plastic spring for sliding friction (resistance = 0.2~1.0 x [weight of 10 ft of in-plane CMU wall + ¼ of roof diaphragm + force by vertical reinforcement]) OpenSees Model B (CMU)")
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10 ft of veneer, out-of-plane (section property, distributed mass) ¼ of roof diaphragm (realistic stiffness, distributed mass) 10 ft of veneer, in-plane (rigid, distributed mass) 10 ft of CMU wall, out-of-plane (section property, distributed mass) 10 ft of CMU wall, in-plane (rigid, distributed mass) connectors, out-of-plane (realisitic hysteresis) rigid rod (simplified rigid connectors, in-plane) elasto-plastic spring for sliding friction (resistance = 0.2~1.0 x weight of 10 ft of veneer, in-plane) rotational spring for flexural stiffness of CMU wall, in-plane (realistic hysteresis) elasto-plastic spring for sliding friction (resistance = 0.2~1.0 x [weight of 10 ft of in-plane CMU wall + ¼ of roof diaphragm + force by vertical reinforcement]) OpenSees Model C (CMU)
![10 ft of veneer, out-of-plane (section property, distributed mass) ¼ of roof diaphragm (realistic stiffness, distributed mass) 10 ft of veneer, in-plane (rigid, distributed mass) 10 ft of CMU wall, out-of-plane (section property, distributed mass) 10 ft of CMU wall, in-plane (rigid, distributed mass) connectors, out-of-plane (realisitic hysteresis) rigid rod (simplified rigid connectors, in-plane) elasto-plastic spring for sliding friction (resistance = 0.2~1.0 x weight of 10 ft of veneer, in-plane) rotational spring for flexural stiffness of CMU wall, in-plane (realistic hysteresis) elasto-plastic spring for sliding friction (resistance = 0.2~1.0 x [weight of 10 ft of in-plane CMU wall + ¼ of roof diaphragm + force by vertical reinforcement]) OpenSees Model C (CMU)](http://images.slideplayer.com./15/4569809/slides/slide_11.jpg "10 ft of veneer, out-of-plane (section property, distributed mass) ¼ of roof diaphragm (realistic stiffness, distributed mass) 10 ft of veneer, in-plane (rigid, distributed mass) 10 ft of CMU wall, out-of-plane (section property, distributed mass) 10 ft of CMU wall, in-plane (rigid, distributed mass) connectors, out-of-plane (realisitic hysteresis) rigid rod (simplified rigid connectors, in-plane) elasto-plastic spring for sliding friction (resistance = 0.2~1.0 x weight of 10 ft of veneer, in-plane) rotational spring for flexural stiffness of CMU wall, in-plane (realistic hysteresis) elasto-plastic spring for sliding friction (resistance = 0.2~1.0 x [weight of 10 ft of in-plane CMU wall + ¼ of roof diaphragm + force by vertical reinforcement]) OpenSees Model C (CMU)")
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10 ft of veneer, out-of-plane (section property, distributed mass) ¼ of roof diaphragm (realistic stiffness, distributed mass) 10 ft of veneer, in-plane (rigid, distributed mass) 10 ft of CMU wall, out-of-plane (section property, distributed mass) 10 ft of CMU wall, in-plane (rigid, distributed mass) connectors, out-of-plane (realisitic hysteresis) rigid rod (simplified rigid connectors, in-plane) elasto-plastic spring for sliding friction (resistance = 0.2~1.0 x weight of 10 ft of veneer, in-plane) rotational spring for flexural stiffness of CMU wall, in-plane (realistic hysteresis) elasto-plastic spring for sliding friction (resistance = 0.2~1.0 x [weight of 10 ft of in-plane CMU wall + ¼ of roof diaphragm + force by vertical reinforcement]) OpenSees Model C (CMU)
![10 ft of veneer, out-of-plane (section property, distributed mass) ¼ of roof diaphragm (realistic stiffness, distributed mass) 10 ft of veneer, in-plane (rigid, distributed mass) 10 ft of CMU wall, out-of-plane (section property, distributed mass) 10 ft of CMU wall, in-plane (rigid, distributed mass) connectors, out-of-plane (realisitic hysteresis) rigid rod (simplified rigid connectors, in-plane) elasto-plastic spring for sliding friction (resistance = 0.2~1.0 x weight of 10 ft of veneer, in-plane) rotational spring for flexural stiffness of CMU wall, in-plane (realistic hysteresis) elasto-plastic spring for sliding friction (resistance = 0.2~1.0 x [weight of 10 ft of in-plane CMU wall + ¼ of roof diaphragm + force by vertical reinforcement]) OpenSees Model C (CMU)](http://images.slideplayer.com./15/4569809/slides/slide_12.jpg "10 ft of veneer, out-of-plane (section property, distributed mass) ¼ of roof diaphragm (realistic stiffness, distributed mass) 10 ft of veneer, in-plane (rigid, distributed mass) 10 ft of CMU wall, out-of-plane (section property, distributed mass) 10 ft of CMU wall, in-plane (rigid, distributed mass) connectors, out-of-plane (realisitic hysteresis) rigid rod (simplified rigid connectors, in-plane) elasto-plastic spring for sliding friction (resistance = 0.2~1.0 x weight of 10 ft of veneer, in-plane) rotational spring for flexural stiffness of CMU wall, in-plane (realistic hysteresis) elasto-plastic spring for sliding friction (resistance = 0.2~1.0 x [weight of 10 ft of in-plane CMU wall + ¼ of roof diaphragm + force by vertical reinforcement]) OpenSees Model C (CMU)")
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10 ft of veneer, out-of-plane (section property, distributed mass) ¼ of roof diaphragm (realistic stiffness, distributed mass) 10 ft of veneer, in-plane (rigid, distributed mass) 10 ft of CMU wall, out-of-plane (section property, distributed mass) 10 ft of CMU wall, in-plane (rigid, distributed mass) connectors, out-of-plane (realisitic hysteresis) elasto-plastic spring for sliding friction, relative to CMU wall (resistance = 0.2~1.0 x weight of 10 ft of veneer, in-plane) rotational spring for flexural stiffness of CMU wall, in-plane (realistic hysteresis) elasto-plastic spring for sliding friction (resistance = 0.2~1.0 x [weight of 10 ft of in-plane CMU wall + ¼ of roof diaphragm + force by vertical reinforcement]) connectors, in-plane (realistic hysteresis) OpenSees Model D (CMU) rotational restraint (rotation is equal to the rotation at the base of CMU, in-plane)
![10 ft of veneer, out-of-plane (section property, distributed mass) ¼ of roof diaphragm (realistic stiffness, distributed mass) 10 ft of veneer, in-plane (rigid, distributed mass) 10 ft of CMU wall, out-of-plane (section property, distributed mass) 10 ft of CMU wall, in-plane (rigid, distributed mass) connectors, out-of-plane (realisitic hysteresis) elasto-plastic spring for sliding friction, relative to CMU wall (resistance = 0.2~1.0 x weight of 10 ft of veneer, in-plane) rotational spring for flexural stiffness of CMU wall, in-plane (realistic hysteresis) elasto-plastic spring for sliding friction (resistance = 0.2~1.0 x [weight of 10 ft of in-plane CMU wall + ¼ of roof diaphragm + force by vertical reinforcement]) connectors, in-plane (realistic hysteresis) OpenSees Model D (CMU) rotational restraint (rotation is equal to the rotation at the base of CMU, in-plane)](http://images.slideplayer.com./15/4569809/slides/slide_13.jpg "10 ft of veneer, out-of-plane (section property, distributed mass) ¼ of roof diaphragm (realistic stiffness, distributed mass) 10 ft of veneer, in-plane (rigid, distributed mass) 10 ft of CMU wall, out-of-plane (section property, distributed mass) 10 ft of CMU wall, in-plane (rigid, distributed mass) connectors, out-of-plane (realisitic hysteresis) elasto-plastic spring for sliding friction, relative to CMU wall (resistance = 0.2~1.0 x weight of 10 ft of veneer, in-plane) rotational spring for flexural stiffness of CMU wall, in-plane (realistic hysteresis) elasto-plastic spring for sliding friction (resistance = 0.2~1.0 x [weight of 10 ft of in-plane CMU wall + ¼ of roof diaphragm + force by vertical reinforcement]) connectors, in-plane (realistic hysteresis) OpenSees Model D (CMU) rotational restraint (rotation is equal to the rotation at the base of CMU, in-plane)")
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10 ft of veneer, out-of-plane (section property, distributed mass) ¼ of roof diaphragm (realistic stiffness, distributed mass) 10 ft of veneer, in-plane (rigid, distributed mass) 10 ft of CMU wall, out-of-plane (section property, distributed mass) 10 ft of CMU wall, in-plane (rigid, distributed mass) connectors, out-of-plane (realisitic hysteresis) elasto-plastic spring for sliding friction (resistance = 0.2~1.0 x weight of 10 ft of veneer, in-plane) rotational spring for flexural stiffness of CMU wall, in-plane (realistic hysteresis) elasto-plastic spring for sliding friction (resistance = 0.2~1.0 x [weight of 10 ft of in-plane CMU wall + ¼ of roof diaphragm + force by vertical reinforcement]) connectors, in-plane (realistic hysteresis) OpenSees Model D (CMU)
![10 ft of veneer, out-of-plane (section property, distributed mass) ¼ of roof diaphragm (realistic stiffness, distributed mass) 10 ft of veneer, in-plane (rigid, distributed mass) 10 ft of CMU wall, out-of-plane (section property, distributed mass) 10 ft of CMU wall, in-plane (rigid, distributed mass) connectors, out-of-plane (realisitic hysteresis) elasto-plastic spring for sliding friction (resistance = 0.2~1.0 x weight of 10 ft of veneer, in-plane) rotational spring for flexural stiffness of CMU wall, in-plane (realistic hysteresis) elasto-plastic spring for sliding friction (resistance = 0.2~1.0 x [weight of 10 ft of in-plane CMU wall + ¼ of roof diaphragm + force by vertical reinforcement]) connectors, in-plane (realistic hysteresis) OpenSees Model D (CMU)](http://images.slideplayer.com./15/4569809/slides/slide_14.jpg "10 ft of veneer, out-of-plane (section property, distributed mass) ¼ of roof diaphragm (realistic stiffness, distributed mass) 10 ft of veneer, in-plane (rigid, distributed mass) 10 ft of CMU wall, out-of-plane (section property, distributed mass) 10 ft of CMU wall, in-plane (rigid, distributed mass) connectors, out-of-plane (realisitic hysteresis) elasto-plastic spring for sliding friction (resistance = 0.2~1.0 x weight of 10 ft of veneer, in-plane) rotational spring for flexural stiffness of CMU wall, in-plane (realistic hysteresis) elasto-plastic spring for sliding friction (resistance = 0.2~1.0 x [weight of 10 ft of in-plane CMU wall + ¼ of roof diaphragm + force by vertical reinforcement]) connectors, in-plane (realistic hysteresis) OpenSees Model D (CMU)")
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10 ft of veneer, out-of-plane (section property, distributed mass) ¼ of roof diaphragm (realistic stiffness, distributed mass) 10 ft of veneer, in-plane (rigid, distributed mass) 10 ft of CMU wall, out-of-plane (section property, distributed mass) 10 ft of CMU wall, in-plane (rigid, distributed mass) connectors, out-of-plane (realisitic hysteresis) rotational spring for flexural stiffness of CMU wall, in-plane (realistic hysteresis) elasto-plastic spring for sliding friction (resistance = 0.2~1.0 x [weight of 10 ft of in-plane CMU wall + ¼ of roof diaphragm + force by vertical reinforcement]) connectors, in-plane (realistic hysteresis) OpenSees Model E (CMU) elasto-plastic spring for sliding friction (include the difference between static and dynamic friction, resistance = 0.2~1.0 x weight of 10 ft of veneer, in-plane) elasto-plastic, rotational spring for rocking (geometric stiffness from weight of 10 ft of veneer, in-plane )
![10 ft of veneer, out-of-plane (section property, distributed mass) ¼ of roof diaphragm (realistic stiffness, distributed mass) 10 ft of veneer, in-plane (rigid, distributed mass) 10 ft of CMU wall, out-of-plane (section property, distributed mass) 10 ft of CMU wall, in-plane (rigid, distributed mass) connectors, out-of-plane (realisitic hysteresis) rotational spring for flexural stiffness of CMU wall, in-plane (realistic hysteresis) elasto-plastic spring for sliding friction (resistance = 0.2~1.0 x [weight of 10 ft of in-plane CMU wall + ¼ of roof diaphragm + force by vertical reinforcement]) connectors, in-plane (realistic hysteresis) OpenSees Model E (CMU) elasto-plastic spring for sliding friction (include the difference between static and dynamic friction, resistance = 0.2~1.0 x weight of 10 ft of veneer, in-plane) elasto-plastic, rotational spring for rocking (geometric stiffness from weight of 10 ft of veneer, in-plane )](http://images.slideplayer.com./15/4569809/slides/slide_15.jpg "10 ft of veneer, out-of-plane (section property, distributed mass) ¼ of roof diaphragm (realistic stiffness, distributed mass) 10 ft of veneer, in-plane (rigid, distributed mass) 10 ft of CMU wall, out-of-plane (section property, distributed mass) 10 ft of CMU wall, in-plane (rigid, distributed mass) connectors, out-of-plane (realisitic hysteresis) rotational spring for flexural stiffness of CMU wall, in-plane (realistic hysteresis) elasto-plastic spring for sliding friction (resistance = 0.2~1.0 x [weight of 10 ft of in-plane CMU wall + ¼ of roof diaphragm + force by vertical reinforcement]) connectors, in-plane (realistic hysteresis) OpenSees Model E (CMU) elasto-plastic spring for sliding friction (include the difference between static and dynamic friction, resistance = 0.2~1.0 x weight of 10 ft of veneer, in-plane) elasto-plastic, rotational spring for rocking (geometric stiffness from weight of 10 ft of veneer, in-plane )")
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10 ft of veneer, out-of-plane (section property, distributed mass) ¼ of roof diaphragm (realistic stiffness, distributed mass) 10 ft of veneer, in-plane (rigid, distributed mass) 10 ft of CMU wall, out-of-plane (section property, distributed mass) 10 ft of CMU wall, in-plane (rigid, distributed mass) connectors, out-of-plane (realisitic hysteresis) elasto-plastic spring for sliding friction (include the difference between static and dynamic friction, resistance = 0.2~1.0 x weight of 10 ft of veneer, in-plane) rotational spring for flexural stiffness of CMU wall, in-plane (realistic hysteresis) elasto-plastic spring for sliding friction (resistance = 0.2~1.0 x [weight of 10 ft of in-plane CMU wall + ¼ of roof diaphragm + force by vertical reinforcement]) connectors, in-plane (realistic hysteresis) OpenSees Model E (CMU) elasto-plastic, rotational spring for rocking (geometric stiffness from weight of 10 ft of veneer, in-plane )
![10 ft of veneer, out-of-plane (section property, distributed mass) ¼ of roof diaphragm (realistic stiffness, distributed mass) 10 ft of veneer, in-plane (rigid, distributed mass) 10 ft of CMU wall, out-of-plane (section property, distributed mass) 10 ft of CMU wall, in-plane (rigid, distributed mass) connectors, out-of-plane (realisitic hysteresis) elasto-plastic spring for sliding friction (include the difference between static and dynamic friction, resistance = 0.2~1.0 x weight of 10 ft of veneer, in-plane) rotational spring for flexural stiffness of CMU wall, in-plane (realistic hysteresis) elasto-plastic spring for sliding friction (resistance = 0.2~1.0 x [weight of 10 ft of in-plane CMU wall + ¼ of roof diaphragm + force by vertical reinforcement]) connectors, in-plane (realistic hysteresis) OpenSees Model E (CMU) elasto-plastic, rotational spring for rocking (geometric stiffness from weight of 10 ft of veneer, in-plane )](http://images.slideplayer.com./15/4569809/slides/slide_16.jpg "10 ft of veneer, out-of-plane (section property, distributed mass) ¼ of roof diaphragm (realistic stiffness, distributed mass) 10 ft of veneer, in-plane (rigid, distributed mass) 10 ft of CMU wall, out-of-plane (section property, distributed mass) 10 ft of CMU wall, in-plane (rigid, distributed mass) connectors, out-of-plane (realisitic hysteresis) elasto-plastic spring for sliding friction (include the difference between static and dynamic friction, resistance = 0.2~1.0 x weight of 10 ft of veneer, in-plane) rotational spring for flexural stiffness of CMU wall, in-plane (realistic hysteresis) elasto-plastic spring for sliding friction (resistance = 0.2~1.0 x [weight of 10 ft of in-plane CMU wall + ¼ of roof diaphragm + force by vertical reinforcement]) connectors, in-plane (realistic hysteresis) OpenSees Model E (CMU) elasto-plastic, rotational spring for rocking (geometric stiffness from weight of 10 ft of veneer, in-plane )")
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