1. Architectural Drawing History and Planning

2. Architectural history in house construction. Why are historical trends important and how do they influence the way we build?

3. Where did settlers come from?Building Materials: Technology:Environmental Considerations: Historical Influence England Spain France Germany Wood (#1) Stone Brick Glass (hand-made) Harsh Environment Land Clearing Req. Native Inhabitants Hand Tools Human/Animal Power

4. Historical House Styles English styling: Georgian styling: Regency styling: Before 18 th Century, Tudor style or Elizabethan. Stone, brick or stucco- often ½ timbered, steep roof, diamond windows. Early 1700s, Formal & symmetrical. Front doors are pedimented, hip roof Late 1700s, Like Georgian, but finer details. Often brick, painted white or yellow with hip roof. Wall extensions/ copper bay or porch roof with wrought iron.

5. New England Colonial (salt box) styling: Garrison styling: Cape Cod styling: Southern Colonial styling: Symmetrical like Georgian- mostly wood, steep rear roof to shed snow. 1 st break in style- 2 nd floor overhangs 1 st floor to aid in fighting off Indian raids. Small gable roofed house, central chimney, roof slopes to top of 1 st floor- usually symmetrical. 2-story high porches to shade windows for cooling.

6. Dutch Colonial styling: French Colonial styling: Spanish styling: Gambrel roof gives a full 2 nd story, mostly stone. New Orleans- Plastered faces- pink, yellow, green. Fancy balcony iron scroll work. Appearance of adobe walls, tiled roof, usually enclosed patio. Ceilings with exposed timbers.

7. Ranch styling: Split Level styling: Modern styling: “Form Follows Function” single story, rambling, open look ½ flights of steps through entire house. Split side-to-side, front-to-back. Geometric, flat roof, every element should have a purpose- nothing useless

8. Current Practices How are houses constructed today and how have they changed over the past few decades?

9. Current Practices House Designs:Foundation Materials: Environmental Considerations: Framing and Finishing: Heating, Ventilation, Air-Conditioning (HVAC) and Mechanical Considerations: Vary among many styles Lots of angles Less attention to details Block/Slab Concrete Pre-Cast (trucked to site) Water/Waste Run-off Energy Use Lumber #1 Composites/ Laminates Steel Studding Heating sources (gas, oil, wood, coal, electric, alternates) Electrical Requirements- plan for the future Thermal & Ventilation Considerations (insulation, venting, landscape)

10. Vocabulary Habitation- Housing that someone is living in. Any structure for living. Home Economy- Planning a house for flow and use. Framing- Building technique. Structural members of a home Foundation- Supporting structure for a building. HVAC- Heating, Ventilation & Air Conditioning Solar/Wind Effects- Solar and wind on a home can effect heating and air conditioning costs. Good planning can use these effects.

11. Future Planning How can we plan and predict future construction trends?

12. Environmental Considerations:Available Materials/Technology: Economy:Population: Homes of the Future Global Warming Intense Weather Ice Melting Wood- Less Woodland, Higher Costs Polymers/Composites Concrete/Steel Glass/Ceramics Smart Houses 2000- 6.1 billion people 2050 8.9 billion people 47% increase Changing Economies Financial Concerns Population Centers