1. Housing & Interior Design
Unit 2: Architectural Design and Construction

2. Architecture
Study of specific housing characteristics

3. Blueprint
Set of architectural drawings used in the construction of a building, using symbols to represent structural features

4. Cornice
A decorative strip at the area where the roof and the walls meet

5. Eaves
The lower portion of the roof that overhangs the wall

6. Elevation
The finished exterior appearance of a given side of a house

7. Floor Plan
A diagram of a home or other structure that shows the arrangement of rooms

8. Glazing
The placing of glass in windows

9. Green Design
Philosophy that treats environmental attributes as design goals

10. Insulation
Material used to restrict the flow of heat between a house’s interior and the outdoors

11. LEED Certification Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design
An accreditation which recognizes good environmental and ecological building and design practices

12. Orientation
The position of a home on its site and the direction the home faces

13. Overhang
The projection area of a roof or upper story beyond the wall of the lower part

14. R-Value
A measure of insulation’s capacity to resist winter heat loss and summer heat gain

15. Soffit Light
Type of built-in lighting enclosed in a box-like structure that directs light downward

16. Split-Level
A modern style of architecture developed for sloping lots with multi-levels

17. Vapor Barrier
Materials added to walls and attic areas to help reduce drafts and prevent moisture from getting into a home

18. Weather Stripping
Strips fastened along the edges of windows and doors to reduce drafts and heat loss

19. Architectural Styles: Garrison
Named after early garrisons, or forts
Second story overhanging, allowed extra space without widening the foundation, always on the front of house and sometimes on the sides and rear
Overhang also created a supporting effect that prevented 2nd story floor from sagging
Symmetrical Design
Steep Roof
Small Panes of Glass

20. Architectural Styles: Garrison

21. Architectural Styles: Saltbox
Type of Cape Cod
Created by adding a lean to in the back
Name comes from shape of boxed used at the time to store salt
2- 2 ½ stories tall
Steep Gable Roof; back side of roof extended to the first floor
Large central chimney
Large windows with small panes of glass

22. Architectural Styles: Saltbox

23. Architectural Styles: Spanish
Resemble old mission churches
Windows and doors are arch shaped
Wrought Iron found on balconies or windows
Made of stucco or adobe
Roof covered with red tiles
Came to America in 1800’s

24. Architectural Styles: Spanish

25. Architectural Styles: Gothic
High, steep roof
Exposed framing members on outside
Lots of gingerbread
Complex and ornate windows & doors
Overhanging roof with braces
People were fascinated with use of ban saws and what they could make. This was a fad that came along in 1800’s.

26. Architectural Styles: Gothic

27. Architectural Styles: Italianate
Large 2-3 story home
Overhanging eaves on top story
Decorative ironwork
Heavy cornice lines along roof with brackets
Often have square or octagonal towers
First built in U.S. in 1837

28. Architectural Styles: Italianate

29. Architectural Styles: Victorian
Became popular after Civil War; named after Queen Victoria of England
Lots of decorative trim called gingerbread
High porches, steep gable roofs, tall windows, high ceilings, dark stairways, long halls, and a turret, or small tower
Owners tried to outdo each other on amount of trimwork

30. Architectural Styles: Victorian

31. Architectural Styles: Craftsmen
May also be called Bungalow
One story with low pitched roof
Made of brick or stone
Windows are set high so furniture can be placed beneath them
Covered porch with columns
Popular in early 1900’s

32. Architectural Styles: Craftsmen

33. Architectural Styles: Georgian
Popular during King George I, II, III reign of England
Symmetrical and simple exterior lines
Windows with small panes of glass
Captain’s walk or widow’s walk at top of house
Tall chimney at each end of the home
Decoration under eaves. Especially to doors and windows
Style changed due to where it was built: stone in Mid Atlantic, wood in New England, brick in South

34. Architectural Styles: Georgian

35. Architectural Styles: English Tudor
2 – 2 ½ story home, second story overhanging bottom
Stonework on bottom-half , stucco and timber on top half: HALF TIMBER
Massive chimney
High peak roof lines
Small, leaded glass windows
Bedrooms on second floor
Protruding second story supported by wooden brackets

36. Architectural Styles: English Tudor

37. Architectural Styles: Art Deco
Flat roof, metal framed windows
Distinctive door decorations
Became popular in ’s due to Hollywood.
Curved lines, glass block walls
Boatlike appearance
Rectangular shape

38. Architectural Styles: Art Deco

39. Architectural Styles: Federal
Popular after American Revolution
Boxlike shape, 2 stories high
Symmetrical, flat roof surrounded by a balustrade: fence like part on roofline
Small portico on front that was supported by columns
Pediments, found over porticos. Segmental or triangular pieces used as decoration

40. Architectural Styles: Federal

41. Architectural Styles: Four Square or Prairie
Prairie made popular by Frank Lloyd Wright. Designed them to accommodate changes taking place in families
Prairies not built in boxlike rooms, interiors flowed together by using porches, large windows, and terraces.
Prairies blended well with their surroundings
Made out of natural stone and other materials
Four Square homes 2 – 2 ½ stories, boxlike
Hip roof with a one story veranda ( porch)
Faced the street and had hipped dormer in front
Symmetrical, plain porch columns, little decoration
One of the most popular styles in early 1900’s

42. Architectural Styles: Prairie/Four Square

43. Architectural Styles: French Manor
Made of stone or brick, steep roof line
1- 2 ½ stories
Asymmetrical shape, large chimneys
Some have half timbering
Large homes
Curved doorways and entrances in middle of home. Some may have central turret ( tower) for entrance.

44. Architectural Styles: French Manor

45. Identifying Roof Shapes: HIP

46. Identifying Roof Shapes: GAMBREL

47. Identifying Roof Styles: GABLE

48. Identifying Roof Styles: MANSARD

49. Identifying Roof Styles: SALTBOX

50. Identifying Roof Styles: FLAT

51. Identifying Roof Styles: SHED

52. Identifying Roof Styles: DORMER

53. Identifying Windows: GOTHIC

54. Identifying Windows: FAN

55. Identifying Windows: CIRCLE HEAD

56. Identifying Windows: Palladian

57. Identifying Windows: BAY

58. Identifying Windows: ORIEL

59. Identifying Windows: DOUBLE HUNG

60. Identifying Windows: HORIZONTAL SLIDING

61. Identifying Windows: AWNING swing outward at bottom

62. Identifying Windows: HOPPER top sash swings inward

63. Identifying Windows: JALOUISE

64. Identifying Windows: CASEMENT

65. Building Materials: FOUNDATION OF A HOME; PIER TYPE

66. Building Materials: FOUNDATION SLAB

67. Building Materials: FOUNDATION FOOTINGS
Very bottom of the foundation is the footing.
1. Usually made from concrete and reinforced with steel rods
2. Must be proper width and thickness to support weight of house