1. 2013 KOMBOTADES LAMIA GREECE www.gchimneytech.com 1

2. 2 Experimental Solar Chimney Power Plant My name is Christos D. Papageorgiou, I am a Professor of NTUA, and what you are about to see in the next video is a small experimental solar chimney power plant constructed at a suitable piece of land near Kompotades, outside Lamia. In this small experimental solar chimney power plant, the possibility of increasing the efficiency of solar chimney technology, through a proper arrangement and design of its components is examined.

3. 3 Over the last ten years Prof Dr Eng Christos D. Papageorgiou was methodically involved in research and development of the solar chimney technology, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/solar_updraft_tower, because he strongly believes that it may come out the major solar technology for mass production of low-cost electricity. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/solar_updraft_tower His theoretical study on solar chimney technology started in 2003 and resulted in a number of international patents and a set of publications in international conferences and journals. The results of his research were presented in a separate chapter of an e_book on Solar Technology http://www.intechopen.com/books/solar-energy/floating-solar- chimney-technology. http://www.intechopen.com/books/solar-energy/floating-solar- chimney-technology Solar Chimney Technology R&D

4. 4 Experimental study - step1 His experimental study of solar chimney technology began in 2010 when he raised a small experimental floating solar chimney (somewhere near Livadia ), as shown in the adjacent figures.

5. 5 The small experimental power plant that was shown in the previous video, shown also in the adjacent photo, is his next experimental step in which the possibility of increasing the efficiency of solar chimney technology, through a proper arrangement and design of its components is examined. The results of this experimental study were satisfactory and we are now in the position to build solar chimney power plants with lower solar chimneys and smaller area greenhouses than initially was estimated Experimental study –step 2

6. 6 The typical solar chimney power plant consists of two parts: 1. A solar air up-drafting system that, using solar energy, creates a constantly moving warm air stream (artificial wind). This system is consisting of a special solar collector (the greenhouse), and a tall cylindrical structure (the solar chimney), connected to the greenhouse. 2. An electricity generating power system, consisting of a set of air turbines that rotate forced by the previous warm air stream and generating electricity by means of the electric generators that are engaged to them (as special wind turbines). Typical Solar Chimney Power Plant -Components

7. 7 The solar irradiation passing through the transparent roof of the greenhouse warms the ground beneath the greenhouse, while its transparent roof blocks the thermal radiation of the ground and decreases the thermal losses due to the air convection. Thus the air temperature inside the greenhouse is increasing and becomes lighter than the ambient air. As a result, the warm air is pushed to escape through the solar chimney to the upper atmosphere. The escaping warm air is continuously replaced by fresh ambient air entering into the greenhouse from its open entrance. So the warm stream of air is moving constantly, as far as the greenhouse ground is warmer than the ambient air and this phenomenon can last several hours after the sunset. The turbines can be placed anywhere in the path of the warm air stream, generated by the system greenhouse -solar chimney, and as they are forced to rotate by this stream they are generating electricity through their engaged electric generators. Solar Chimney Power Plant - Operation

8. 8 It can be shown that the rating electrical power of the solar chimney power plant and its annual electricity production, is proportional to the height of solar chimney and the surface area of ​​ the greenhouse. The proportionality factor is the performance efficiency of the power plant and depends, among other things, on the geometry, the arrangement and the size of the components of the solar chimney power plant. Solar Chimney Power Plant – Performance Efficiency

9. The solar chimney is a light metal structure with a height of 25 meters and a diameter of 2.5 meters. This metal structure was designed and its construction was supervised by the architect-engineer Dimitrios Korres, who is a warm supporter of the solar chimney technology. Experimental power plant – The solar chimney

10. 10 The roof of the greenhouse of the small experimental plant, as a temporary structure, was made of a clear plastic and has a surface area of 1020 square meters (about 1/4 acre). The material of the transparent roof of an ordinary greenhouse should be of crystal clear glass (low iron float glass). Experimental power plant – The greenhouse

11. 11 At the entrance of the greenhouse a small turbine of 1.12 meters diameter was placed. This turbine rotates continuously, forced by the incoming stream of ambient air. This stream of air becomes warmer as moving inside the greenhouse and is up- drafted through the solar chimney to upper layers of the atmosphere. Experimental power plant – The air turbine

12. 12 The measurements in the power plant showed that the produced electricity by its turbine is higher than the kinetic energy of the rising column of air inside the chimney, when the turbine forced to stop, thus the results have been considered as very satisfactory. The experimental power plant was designed as part of the research effort to improve the performance efficiency of solar chimney power plants. His PhD candidate Mr. Michael Psalidas. has contributed in the study, design and experiment of the small solar chimney plant Experimental study -Results

13. 13 Further R&D Our next step on the development of solar chimney technology is the construction of a solar chimney power plant with a solar chimney of 50-60 meters height and 5-6 meters diameter, connected to a specific solar collector (glass roofed) with a covered area of ​​ 5000-6000 square meters and equipped with a special set of wind turbine generators with a total power 10-25 KW. The results up to now are satisfactory and with the aid of the upcoming experiments and measurements of the intermediate power plant of 10-25 KW, the solar chimney technology may have direct production cost of electricity lower than the direct production cost of the other two major solar technologies i.e. photovoltaic (PV) and solar concentrated power plants (CSP). Due to the fact that the solar chimney technology uses simple materials (mainly glass and steel), has negligible maintenance cost and long life, despite its needs for more area per produced KWh, will prevail over other solar technologies, especially in countries with abundant solar energy and unlimited deserted territories.

14. 14 Prototype and Solar Farming The ultimate goal of the R&D is to design and construct a prototype solar chimney power plant of rating power about 1 MW generating not less than 3000 MWh/year. The construction of the prototype solar chimney power plant will permit the construction of huge electricity generating solar farms, consisting of hundreds of adjacent prototype solar chimney power plants in deserted land fields. Favorable countries for the implementation of the solar chimney technology are: USA ( NEVADA, YUTA, ARIZONA, NEW MEXICO, TEXAS etc.) UAE, QATAR INDIA AUSTRALIA SOUTH AFRICA

15. 15 Business Proposal Soon we will be in the position to send a business proposal to potential investors in these areas for cooperation. For more Information see our company’s website www.gchimneytech.com www.gchimneytech.com