1. Jason A. Coffin, CFEI, CVFIOCIFire.com Marcus O. Durham, PhD, PEThewayCorp.com Robert A. Durham, PhD, PEThewayCorp.com

2. House Damage was it caused by ?  Tornado  Wind  Water  Age  Maintenance When evaluating loss Must make that determination

3. Look at a series of photos  What are key elements to determine cause of damage

4. Brick Joints  Highly susceptible  To damage by tornado  To shifting foundation

5. Collateral Damage  Water can infiltrate damaged structure  Create ideal environment for mold growth  Must determine if mold existed before

6. Typical Damage around Windows  Wind energy trying to escape  Generally pushes window out  Due to how windows mounted

7. Drywall damage between floor 1 & 2  On first floor  Opposite side from wind attack  Wind venter through soffit

8. Drywall Damage  Roof structure lifted  Separate from foundation

9. Structure Damage  Corner removed by winds

10. Roof Structure Damage  Roof, interior walls, sheetrock  Removed from portion of house

11. Garage Door  First item removed Large area, no structural strength  Straight winds t hen penetrate structure

12. Garage Door Opposite Side  Force of wind  Physically rip brick & ties from house

13. Crack in Wall  Not just in mortar joints  Bricks break due to wall movement  Contrast with foundation settling

14. Movement from Foundation  Separate from first course of brick  House picked up and set back down  Barbed wire between courses

15. Electrical Wire Retainer  Far portion held up by electrical wiring to electrical panel  Pulled all wiring in structure  Necessitated rewire of house

16. More Drywall Cracks  Caused by tornado  Or was it previous foundation problems?

17. Flying Debris Inside  Not all damage by stuff breaking  Rain water, mud, projectiles

18. Catastrophic failure takes more than one element  Garage door removed  Exterior wall shifted  Joist lost perch & roof structure failed  Dominos ?

19. Another Forced Event

20. Partial Underground  Not immune to severe structural damage  Required demolition

21. Impact from Debris  Interior wall  Flying from neighbor’s debris

22. Basement Structural Wall  Force sandwiched mortar  Compromised structure  Severe water penetration

23. Between Floor Joists  Located underground  Force twisted joists  Separated nails

24. Only House in Area w/ Any Damage  Missing portion of roof  Suspect poor framing on connection to main structure

25. Damage besides structural  Only roof heavily damaged  Water intrusion required new sheetrock, insulation, HVAC, electrical

26. Roof Structure Lifted  All soffit trim failed to meet  Sign of probable framing damage

27. Repairable  Typical repairable structure

28. Pulled out Nails in Attic  Result in caving in of roof structure

29. Not All Damage Is Tornado  Previous tuck point repair on structure  Pay for tornado damage repairs not previous problems.

30. Not All Damage Is Tornado  Previous repair attempt on drywall

31. Damage Interior Only  Outside walls undamaged

32. Roof Structure Damage  Split roof support  Pull nails most common type of repairable damage

33. Unpredictable  Damaged vehicle  Damaged house in foreground  Undamaged house in distance

34. Recap  Tornado damage unpredictable  Collateral damage is often most expense  Water roof leak  Water foundation leak  Not all damage is due to tornado

35. Questions?