1. The Phrase and the Clause Adjective & Adverb clauses

2. Adjective Clauses Adjective Clause – a subordinate clause that modifies a noun or pronoun Adjective Clause – a subordinate clause that modifies a noun or pronoun Note: Note: May modify an noun or pronoun (like an adjective phrase) May modify an noun or pronoun (like an adjective phrase) Contains both a subject and a verb (unlike an adjective phrase) Contains both a subject and a verb (unlike an adjective phrase) Ex: Ex: Adjective: Adjective: A white cat A white cat Adjective Phrase: Adjective Phrase: A cat with white fur A cat with white fur Adjective Clause: Adjective Clause: A cat that has white fur A cat that has white fur

3. Adjective Clauses Note: Note: Usually follows the noun or pronoun it modifies Usually follows the noun or pronoun it modifies Answers questions: Answers questions: Which one? or What kind? Which one? or What kind? Ex: Ex: The runner who came in second was Tina. The runner who came in second was Tina. The adjective clause modifies the noun runner and answers the question Which one? The adjective clause modifies the noun runner and answers the question Which one? I would like a dog that I could take for long walks. I would like a dog that I could take for long walks. The adjective clause modifies the noun dog and answers the question What kind? The adjective clause modifies the noun dog and answers the question What kind?

4. Adverb Clauses Adverb Clause – a subordinate clause that modifies a verb, an adjective, or an adverb Adverb Clause – a subordinate clause that modifies a verb, an adjective, or an adverb Note: Note: May modify a verb, an adjective, or an adverb (like an adverb phrase) May modify a verb, an adjective, or an adverb (like an adverb phrase) Contains both a subject and a verb (unlike an adverb phrase) Contains both a subject and a verb (unlike an adverb phrase) Ex: Ex: Adverb: Adverb: Shyly, the toddler hid behind her mother. Shyly, the toddler hid behind her mother. Adverb Phrase: Adverb Phrase: With a shy smile, the toddler hid behind her mother. With a shy smile, the toddler hid behind her mother. Adverb Clause: Adverb Clause: Since the toddler was shy, she hid behind her mother. Since the toddler was shy, she hid behind her mother.

5. Adverb Clauses Note: Note: Answers the questions: When? Where? Why? How? When? Where? Why? How? How much? How long? How much? How long? Under what conditions? To what extent? Under what conditions? To what extent? Ex: Ex: After he had moved the books, Marvin dusted the shelves. After he had moved the books, Marvin dusted the shelves. The adverb clause tells when Marvin dusted the shelves The adverb clause tells when Marvin dusted the shelves Then he put the books back where they belonged. Then he put the books back where they belonged. The adverb clause tells where he put the books The adverb clause tells where he put the books He cleaned his room because it was very messy. He cleaned his room because it was very messy. The adverb clause tells why he cleaned his room The adverb clause tells why he cleaned his room