1. Origins of the Cold War Thinking Skill: Explicitly assess the origins of the Cold War and draw conclusions as to how it was heightened

2. Truman Doctrine Aid free people against “armed minorities and outside forces” / Greece & Turkey Marshall Plan Rebuilding Germany economic aid to W. Europe/ military presence Kennan’s X- Article Containment NSC-68 Containment/ military build-up Perceived Soviet Objectives- Destroy Germany (revenge)/dominate Eastern European border states (satellite countries)/increase economic and political influence through forced spread of communism

5. Berlin within East Germany

6. NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) 1949 The core provision of the treaty is Article V, which states: The Parties agree that an armed attack against one or more of them in Europe or North America shall be considered an attack against them all and consequently they agree that, if such an armed attack occurs, each of them, in exercise of the right of individual or collective self-defence recognised by Article 51 of the Charter of the United Nations, will assist the Party or Parties so attacked by taking forthwith, individually and in concert with the other Parties, such action as it deems necessary, including the use of armed force, to restore and maintain the security of the North Atlantic area. Consider the Soviet reaction to this American/European initiative? Is their reaction justified? Why/why not?

7. A World Divided by 1959

8. Map Activity Directions 1.Label the countries of post-WWII Europe 2.Create a key and color-code your map: One color = NATO countries One color = Warsaw Pact countries One color = non-aligned (neutral) countries

9. PLEASE NOTE Luxembourg = NATO Austria = Warsaw Pact

10. Map Activity Directions Label the countries of post-WWII Europe 1 color NATO countries, 1 color Warsaw Pact countries, 1 color non-aligned countriesCreate a key and color-code your map: 1 color NATO countries, 1 color Warsaw Pact countries, 1 color non-aligned countries. Answer the following questions: –When was NATO established? The Warsaw Pact? –Why did the Allied Powers divide Germany after WWII? Was this division permanent? –Would you respond to the Berlin Blockade similarly to Truman? What factors influenced your decision?

11. Berlin, East Germany