3. Axis Powers of World War II European Axis Powers Fascist Italy: 1922-1943 Nazi Germany: 1933-1945 Militaristic Japan

4. Fascist Italy Benito Mussolini [1883-1945] governed Italy as its Fascist dictator from 1922-1943. He was executed by Italians in 1945.

5. Great Depression radicalized the politics of Germany and Japan in the 1930s

6. Germans hated Versailles Treaty

7. A Weak League of Nations

8. The Ineffectiveness of the League of Nations y No control of major conflicts. y No progress in disarmament. y No effective military force.

9. The “Stab-In-The-Back” Theory German soldiers are dissatisfied.

10. France – False Sense of Security?

11. International Agreements Locarno Pact – 1925 y France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy  Guarantee existing frontiers  Establish DMZ 30 miles deep on East bank of Rhine River  Refrain from aggression against each other Kellogg-Briand Pact – 1928 y Makes war illegal as a tool of diplomacy  No enforcement provisions

12. Italy Attacks Ethiopia, 1935 Emperor Haile Selassie

13. Nazi Germany Adolph Hitler [1889- 1945] ruled Germany from 1933, when he came to power through the political process of Weimar Germany, until he committed suicide in April 1945 in his Berlin bunker.

14. Germany Invades the Rhineland March 7, 1936

15. U. S. Neutrality Acts: What did they say?

16. America-First Committee Charles Lindbergh

17. Rome-Berlin Axis, 1936 The “Pact of Steel”

18. The Spanish Civil War: 1936 - 1939 The American “Lincoln Brigade”

19. The Spanish Civil War: 1936 - 1939 Francisco Franco

20. “ Guernica” by Pablo Picasso

21. The Austrian Anschluss, 1938

22. The “Problem” of the Sudetenland

23. Appeasement: The Munich Agreement, 1938 Now we have “peace in our time!” Herr Hitler is a man we can do business with. British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain

24. Czechoslovakia Becomes Part of the Third Reich: 1939

25. The Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact, 1939 Foreign Ministers von Ribbentrop & Molotov

26. Japan Hirohito ( 裕仁 ), also known as Emperor Shōwa ( 昭和天皇 ), (29 April 1901 – 7 January 1989) was the 124th Emperor of Japan according to the traditional order, reigning from 25 December 1926 until his death in 1989.

27. The Manchurian Crisis, 1931

28. The Japanese Invasion of China, 1937

29. The Empire of Japan

30. Pearl Harbor: December 7, 1941