2. Daily Life in the Middle Ages (1000-1600) I.Rural Areas A.Nobility B.Peasants/Serfs II.Towns/Cities A.Size B.Industry III.Population Drops A.Why? 1.Food 2.Pestilence Key Terms Feudalism Vassal/Knight Fief Guild System Black Death

3. Traits of Feudalism (Social/Economic System of Middle Ages) There was an absence of central authority & “Warlords” dominated. People sought protection & unique relationship developed between landowners & commoners. Common in much of Europe—but NOT in Pyrenees (French/Spanish border).

4. Medieval Hierarchy Monk (clergy) Knight (noble) Peasant

5. Nobles (up to 5%) Clergy (5-10%) Peasants (85-90%)

6. Nobility (They did NOT work the land) Two “Types:” Lords-usually wealthy landowners Knights-the Warriors pledged to provide military service to a lord. Fief-Land (and serfs to work it) given to knights in return for military service. Most were illiterate.

7. Food For Nobles Dominated by bread/porridge & meat (fish, chickens, pigs & wild game; rarely beef), dairy; beer was common. Expensive imports: Middle Eastern exotic spices (sugar), wine from France.

8. Peasants/Serfs Made up 85-90% of the population. They were tied to the land worked the land for the Lords & knights (50-500 on an estate). In return they received: –Protection –A portion of the crops they raised (75-90%) Contracts…

9. Life On Medieval Manor (Nobles Hunt While Peasants Work; Castles vs. Huts)

10. Daily Life in Middle Ages (fast forward 18 seconds) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pypbyC548dw

11. Food & Life For Peasants/Serfs Diet was VERY monotonous: black bread/porridge & beer were the staples; eggs & dairy (some fish, but not much meat) Famine = threat Homes: one room, wooden sides, thatched roofs & one (large) bed Daily routine was dominated by seasons & Christian celebrations

12. Life For Peasants/Serfs Women were subject to their husband’s authority

13. Children 30-50% of children died before reaching age 5 Marriage Age: –Boys = 14 –Girls = 12 Dance of Death

14. Preparing For Winter Baking bread & slaughtering pigs…

15. Entertainment (A Harvest Festival Sponsored by Lord of Manor)

16. Entertainment Taverns Cockfighting

17. Entertainment (Marriage Ceremony) Up to 1300s couples often waited for a pregnancy to hold a church service Between 12 th & 14 th centuries “modern” church services were developed Marriages were arranged

18. Towns & Cities (Only 5% of population) London: 10,000 (in 1200s) Paris: 210,000 (in 1328) Italy (in 1200s) –Florence: 100,000 –Milan: 90,000-100,000

19. Guild System (Origins of modern industry) Guilds : A training/education system to ensure quality in the products produced. –Master: Shop-owner (if they had enough money & connections). –Journeymen: wage plus room & board. –Apprentice: worked for room & board with hope of advancement (seven years). –Unskilled Laborer: received room & board with little or no hope of advancement

20. Master Journeymen Apprentice Unskilled Laborers

21. Guild Workers Dyeing Cloth

22. Population Drops It is estimated that between 1300-1450 Europe lost 50-65% of its population. Why? 1.Famine: between 1000-1300 population doubled, but food production didn’t. 2.Disease (Pestilence): Beginning in 1350 the “Black Death” spread & killed many.

23. A Physician In A Plague-Protecting Suit

24. Despair All Over Society

25. Daily Life in the Middle Ages (1000-1600) I.Rural Areas A.Nobility B.Peasants/Serfs II.Towns/Cities A.Size B.Industry III.Population Drops A.Why? 1.Food 2.Pestilence Key Terms Feudalism Vassal/Knight Fief Guild System Black Death