1. Immigration to the United States in the Mid-19 th Century

2. Why do people immigrate? Are they pushed out by something? Or are they pulled in by something?

3. What pulls people to immigrate to another country? Jobs Freedoms (political) Freedoms (religious) Family already there New start Adventure

4. What pushes people to immigrate to another country? Religious persecution War Don’t like the political system or leader Famine (not enough food) Poverty – lack of opportunity (no jobs)

5. Pull Factors: Why did people want to come to America? Cheap labor needed for: factory work building railroads building canals

6. Push Factors: Why did people leave their European homelands? Instability in Europe: revolutions (esp. Germany) famine (esp. Ireland)

7. Which do you think results in MORE immigration: push or pull? Think, Pair, Share:

8. Immigration to the United States, 1820s-1840s Write a sentence that explains the chart.

9. Immigration to the United States, 1821-1860 Write a sentence or two that explain the chart.

11. Potato Famine in Ireland ¾ crops (wheat, barley, rye) grown to sell to the British ¼ crops grown for the Irish to eat (potatoes) Irish Population 18448,400,000 18516,600,000

12. Good luck in America!

13. New Cultures Clash! Established AmericansNew Immigrants Most were ProtestantMost were Roman Catholic Middle-class Americans were likely to drink only in private, if at all. Working-class men would go to taverns after work to gather and drink socially.

14. Immigrants Face Hostility and Discrimination

15. Anti-Catholicism

16. Reasons for Immigrant Tensions 1. Irish immigrants were very poor – WHY? 2. Many took jobs for less money than established Americans – WHY? 3. Irish were often hired as strike-breakers – WHY? 4. Irish men replaced “mill girls” – WHY?

17. 5. Fear of Immigrant Voters

18. Rise of Nativism

19. "Riot at Hoboken, May 1, 1851"