1. The Industrial Revolution

2. Timeline of the Industrial Revolution
James Watt’s
Steam engine
1848 – Marx’s
Communist Manifesto
New tools begin
Agricultural rev
1st railroad
(in England)
Car invented
In Germany
1845- Irish
Potato
Famine
1st airplane
1859 – Darwin’s
Origin of Species

3. The Agricultural Revolution
Agricultural Revolution: a change in the way food was produced

4. CHANGES Enclosed Fields – split up and organized farms
Crop Rotation – more harvested per field

5. CHANGES Better animal breeding – more food per animal
New machinery – fewer workers needed

6. RESULTS Much more food produced with fewer workers Population grew
(Fewer farm jobs)
Population grew

7. Industrial Revolution: A change in the way things were made
DOMESTIC SYSTEM
FACTORY SYSTEM
Making products:
At home
By hand
One person/family
Making products:
In a factory
By machine
Many people

8. What a Nation needs to have Industry
Capital ($ for investment)
Labor force (workers)
Transportation system (materials and products)
Raw materials (especially coal, iron, & cotton)
Market (a place to sell products)

9. Great Britain had ALL of these things!

10. How Industrialization Effected Society

11. URBANIZATION People moving into cities too quickly Overcrowding
Unsafe living conditions

12. How the Other Half Lives

13. Working Conditions
Child labor: Factory owners used kids as young as 5 because you could pay them less
Long hours: hour days
Dangerous conditions: unsafe
machinery & buildings
passages

14. Changing Social Roles Women: Family: Children:
either run the household or work long hours for less pay than men
Family:
Working class families suffered; middle class families improved
Children:
Unhealthy, worked in unsafe conditions

15. Transportation Greatly improved Canals and railroads built
Steam engine increased speed

16. Reactions to the Industrial Revolution

17. Reactions to the Industrial Revolution
Liberals
Conservatives
Want changes
New republics
Laissez-faire economy
Want stability (no change)
Old monarchies
Nobles control economy

18. Adam Smith Wrote The Wealth of Nations “Laissez-Faire”
Government hands off of business

19. Thomas Malthus
Believed population was increasing faster than food supply
Said solution was to let the poor starve

20. Charles Darwin Wrote The Origin of Species Theory of Evolution
Natural selection – survival of the fittest

21. Social Darwinism Said the rich and powerful are the “fittest”
Used to justify racism
Used as an excuse to take advantage of working class, weak nations

22. Socialism – economic system in which society owns business & everyone shares work and profits
Utopian Socialism
Marxist Socialism
Everyone shares everything
Goal  Peace and equality
Started by Karl Marx
Workers of the world unite and violently overthrow the middle class (bourgeoisie)
Goal  end capitalism, create classless society

23. The Arts Late 1700s Emotion, not reason Early 1800s
Romanticism
Realism
Late 1700s
Emotion, not reason
Ex. Beautiful landscapes
Impressionism
Early 1800s
Show the world as it really was
Ex. Dicken’s novels
Late 1800s
Anti-realism
Ex. Monet

25. Attempts to Reform Society

26. Attempts to Reform Society
Sadler Report
Education
Report on Child labor
Led to child labor laws
Public schools created
Get kids out of factories

27. Suffrage
Means the right to vote
Extended to all men, then women

28. Labor Legislation Safety conditions: less hours, safer machines
Women and children: less hours, safer work
Trade Unions: created to protect workers, used strikes and protests

29. Global Migrations CAUSES

30. Improved Transportation
Social Causes
Population growth (cities too crowded)
Poor living conditions
Poor working situations
Political Causes
People were leaving monarchies and wanting democracy
Improved Transportation
Expanded the search for raw materials
Search out new markets

31. EXAMPLES of migration Europeans go to America for opportunity
Irish come to America due to potato famine

32. Essential Questions
How did the Agricultural Revolution support the Industrial Revolution?
More food  able to feed cities; less work on farms
How can the Industrial Revolution be considered the major turning point in history?
Huge population increase; transportation inventions; new reforms
How did the abuses of the Industrial Revolution lead to the competing ideologies for social change?
Ideologies compete to solve social problems
Liberal vs. Conservative Capitalism vs. Socialism

33. government regulation Economy where decisions
Essential Questions
Compare and Contrast the ideas of Adam Smith and Karl Marx?
Capitalism – Adam Smith
Socialism – Karl Marx
Definition
Supporting Theory
Role of the Government
Who owns the means of production (factories & farms)
Economy without
government regulation
Economy where decisions
are made by the gov’t
Laissez-Faire
The Wealth of Nations
Socialism
Communist Manifesto
Gov’t does NOT
Interfere in business
Gov’t makes ALL
Economic decisions
Private ownership
(by ppl)
Gov’t owns all
businesses