1. APUSH - Spiconardi

2.   The Second Great Awakening spurred numerous Protestant Reform movements  Focus on an individual’s role in attaining salvation caused people to strive for perfectionism  People attempted to establish utopian communities  The role of women in the Second Great Awakening also caused women to be front and center in many of the 19 th century reform movements The Second Great Awakening

3.   New York State, especially the western portion of the state, became the center of many 19 th century reform movements  Referred to as the “burned over district”  Joseph Smith and the Latter Day Saint movement (Mormonism)  Millerites  Second coming of Jesus would be October 22, 1844  Shakers  Celibacy, pacifism, gender equality  Oneida Society  Silverware producing society that practiced communalism  Women’s Movement New York State

4.   Between 1840 and 1860 a wave of immigration hit American  2 million Irish  1.5 million Germans  Catholic Church grew  16 dioceses and 700 churches in 1840  45 dioceses and 2,500 churches in 1860 Irish, German & Catholic Immigration

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6.   Nativist  Nativist  Americans with an anti-foreign and anti- immigrant sentiment  Feared Irish and Germans were taking jobs  Believed immigrants were undercutting wages  Feared subversion of American culture  Riots ensued in major cities

7.  Alcohol consumption was seen as negatively impacting people’s home and work lives In 1830, seven gallons of hard liquor per capita per year consumed (more than double today) Irish and German stereotypes reinforced the idea The American Temperance Society Advocated for moderation in drinking and eventual abstinence Believed temperance could reduce crime and increase work productivity Temperance

9.   Irish and German’s oppose attempts at temperance  Unlike Protestant churches, Catholic Church did not deem drinking and dancing as immoral  Temperance movement is temporarily successful  Alcoholic consumption drops to two gallons per capita per year by 1845 Temperance