1. Origins of the Indo-Europeans Ancient Greece Spring 2011

2. Discover of the Indo-European Language Family Jacob (1785-1863) and Wilhelm (1786-1859) Grimm – German Grammar (1819) – History of the German Language (1848) – German Dictionary (1854) Rasmus Rask (1787-1832) – Comparisons between German, Slavonic, Persian and Indian languages – Rask’s -- Grimm’s Law Franz Bopp (1791-1867) – Comparative Grammar (1833/52) August Schleicher (1821-1868) – First Divisions of the Indo-European Peoples (1853) – Compendium of the Comparative Grammar of the Indo-European Languages (1861/62)

3. Comparative Vocabulary EnglishGermanGreekLatinIrishFrenchRussianBengali Oneeinshenunusaonunodinek Twozweiduoduododeuxdvadvi Threedreitreistrestritroistritri fourviertettaresquattuorceathairquatrechetyrecar Fivefunfpentequinquecuigcinqpyatpac sixsechshexsexsesixsheshtchay Sevensiebenheptaseptemseachtseptsemsat Eightachtoktooctoochthuitvosemat Nineneunenneanovemnaoineufdevyatnay tenzehndekadecemdeichdixdesyatdas

4. Rask’s- Grimm’s Law b h > b > p > f d h > d > t > th g h > g > k > x(ch, h) g hw > g w > k w > x(ch,h) w Bhratr > brother > bratr> frater Pada > pous > pes/pedis > fuss > foot Gelandros > gelumas > gelu > kalt > cold Quos- > quos > que > cso > hvat > what

5. Indo-European Language Family according to August Schleicher (1861) Proto- Indo-European Aryan Indic Italo-Celtic Italic Celtic Germano- Balto-Slavic Germanic Slavic Baltic Indo-Aryan

6. Problems Time and Place – “homeland” and divisions Relationship to other language families – Uralic, Altaic, Kartvelian, Semitic (Afro-Asiatic) Hittite Problem Tocharian Problem Relation of Greek to other Languages Mechanics of dissemination Was there an Ursprache at all?

7. Indo-European Language Family according to Francesco Adranos (1982) Phase I Phase II Phase III Anatolian Archaic Proto Indo-European Western PIE Southern PIE Tocharian Germano-Balto-Slavic CelticItalic Indo-Aryan Greek and ArmenianIndo-Aryan

8. Uralic (Finno-Ugric) Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) Renfrew Gamkrelidze Ivanov Kartvelian Gimbutas Greek Hittite Mitanni (Indo –Aryan)

9. Foragers Steppe Forest Spread of Agriculture 6500-5500 BC

10. “Old Europe” Sredny Stog Foragers The Growth of Old Europe and the Steppe Cultures 5500-3800 BC

11. Tripolye Yamnaya Horizon “Old Europe” Old Europe and the Steppe Cultures 3600-3000 BC

12. Climate Change and the End of Old Europe

13. Tripolye Yamnaya Horizon Ustavo Culture Hittite Luwian The Coming of the Indo-Europeans 3000-2500 BC