1. Imperialism Which of the following statements do you most agree with? A.A stronger country has the right to take over a weaker country. B.A strong country should never interfere with weaker countries. C.A strong country should use its strength to help weaker countries. D.A strong country should use its strength to gain the most economic advantages possible from the weaker countries.

2. Desire of a powerful nation to dominate the political, economic, and cultural affairs of another state or region.

3. Western Advantages Strong economies Well organized governments Powerful armies and navies Technological advantages –Telegraph –Medicine to help survive tropical diseases –Maxim gun –Steam driven warships

4. Causes Industrial Revolution –Raw materials –Markets –Profits –Increased standards of living Nationalism –Glory and power for Mother country –Strategic locations for military bases –Source of troops for growing military

5. Causes continued Increased population –Population doubled in the 19 th century –Massive emigrations because of unemployment Social reasons –Religious Conversion Humanitarian –Social Darwinism Cultural superiority of west

6. Forms of Imperialism Colony –Full control –Ruled through colonial officials from mother country Protectorate –Native ruler remained in power outwardly –Controlled behind the scenes Sphere of Influence –Economic privileges respected by other European powers

8. Scramble for Africa Berlin Conference 1884-1885 –Bismarck –Resolve potential conflicts over colonies –Africa not represented

13. Effects of Colonization of Africa Africans… –lost right to rule themselves –Forced to adopt European customs, languages, and ways of life –Farmers lost lands to Europeans –Forced to work for Europeans at low wages –Paid taxes but did not vote

14. South Africa Dutch –1652-way station for ships named Cape Colony –Boers [Afrikaners]—farmers –Calvinists—justified harsh treatment of natives Zulu –Shaka major force in 1800’s

16. South Africa continued British –Seize territory during Napoleonic Wars 1800 British language, currency, education, and religion imposed –Great Trek 1830- Boers move northeast to escape British domination 1867—diamonds discovered on Kimberly farm 1886—gold discovered Zulu Wars –Boer Wars-1899-1902 Guerilla warfare and sabotage used vs. British Concentration camps British allowed Dutch to keep language and schools

17. 1910 Union of South Africa Natal, Cape Colony, Transvaal, and Orange Free State united Non-whites given few rights under constitution Basis of segregation- Apartheid ends 1990