1. MAJOR TEST (CCA) REVIEW for Week #6 in Science

2. TermDefinition or Memory Trick Make an observation Tell what you see, hear, feel, smell, or taste OR Use any of your 5 senses to gather information Make an inference Figure something out ConserveSave it so that it doesn’t run out; Don’t use up; Use it wisely Draw a conclusionUse reason to decide what you believe EliminateTo get rid of SequencePut in order, one thing after another (1 st, 2 nd, 3 rd, etc.) Give Qua l itative data Give descriptions (ex: big, old, round, blue) that tell what something looks like, sounds like, feels like, smells like, or tastes like Give Qua n titative data Give numbers, amounts, how much, how many (35 of them, 4.5 cm, 200 miles per hour, etc.) Summarize or Give a summaryMake a statement that covers only the main points AbsorbSoak up OR drink in (ex: a sponge absorbs water, your brain absorbs knowledge) InhaleBreathe in IngestEat InitialThe beginning or the first thing

3. TermDefinition or Memory Trick IncreaseMake more; make greater (E.g., Eating too much increases the size of your stomach. Sunlight and water increase plant growth.) DecreaseMake less (E.g., Eating candy right before a meal can decrease your appetite. Exercising can decrease fat in your body.) ReliabilityBelievability (E.g., conducting many trials in an experiment will increase the reliability of the results that you observe.) Trend“The general direction in which something moves” (E.g., If the temperatures in Houston is 70 degrees, and then it moves up 5 degrees each day for 5 days, you could say that there is a TREND. The temperature moves in the direction of increasing 5 degrees each day. You could use this TREND to predict the weather three days in the future. What temperature would it be then? If the TREND were to continue, the temperature would be 110 degrees, right? CorrosiveEats away at; burns into (E.g., The acid is corrosive, so don’t get it on you – or you’ll be burned!) ObserveNotice – using your five senses to see, taste, hear, feel, or smell (E.g., you observed how many drops of water a penny held.) ValidBelievable, logical, done in such a way that others think it is correctly done (E.g., To make your penny lab valid, you had to make sure that only one person dropped all the drops of water on the penny. If you were “nice” and “took turns,” you invalidated your experiment (because you added too many variables!). InvalidNot valid, not believable, not correctly or logically done (E.g., see above sentence)

4. Pie Graph Looks like this: Is used to show the the p arts that make up one whole thing Is used to show p ercentages

5. Line Graph Is used to show how something CHANGES OVER TIME Looks like this: Do you see how the temperature is changing over time – over a week? Do you see a PATTERN?

6. Bar Graph Is used to COMPARE ONE THING TO A DIFFERENT THING Looks like this: Do you see that one color is being compared to a different color?

7. If the present trend in temperature continues, what will the temperature be on Tuesday? If the trend of “moving up by 5” continues, then you could predict the temperature to be _____________ by Tuesday. 85 degrees

8. Which kind of graph should you use to show each of the following situations? You need to compare the weights of different students to each other. You need to show what percentage of students made As on the last test. You need to show how your height changes over the years.

9. REMEMBER A&W ROOTBEER When diluting acid (to make it weaker), always pour the acid into water, never water into acid. Look! The A for acid pours neatly into water. Look! The W for water spills out over the A for Acid.

10. What is the color of the initial bar in the following graph? Red (Remember that “initial” means “first.” YOUR initials are the FIRST letters of your names.)

11. What is the initial safety rule you follow as you enter the lab room? Read the board for directions as you look for the safety equipment to be sure that it is all working. (Remember that “initial” means “first.”)

12. General Safety Rules 1. Listen to or read instructions carefully before attempting to do anything. 2. Wear safety goggles to protect your eyes from chemicals, heated materials, or things that might be able to shatter. 3. Notify your teacher if any spills or accidents occur.

13. Chemical Safety 1. Wear protective goggles whenever heating or pouring hazardous chemicals. 2. Never mix chemicals together unless you are told to do so (and then only in the manner specified). 3. Never taste any chemicals (you should never taste anything in the lab).

14. Glassware Safety 1. Chipped or cracked glassware should not be used. Show it to the teacher. 2.Broken glassware should not be disposed of in a classroom trashcan. There is a special glass disposal container for it. 3. If a piece of glassware gets broken, do not try to clean it up by yourself. Notify the teacher.

15. When working with heat or fire, you will need to wear safety goggles.

16. To move hot objects you will need to use the right tongs. Different types of containers use different sets of tongs.

17. Fume Safety: Danger of fumes. Do not inhale!

18. Poison: Use caution, substance is toxic (poisonous)!

19. What does this symbol mean? This chemical is corrosive! Don’t let this chemical get on you or in your eyes! It will “eat through” your skin and burn your eyes!!!!

20. If you conducted an experiment with only one trial, what could be said about the reliability of the experiment? A.The experiment is valid. B.The experiment is not reliable because you needed to conduct more trials. C.The experiment is very reliable because you only need to conduct one trial in any experiment. D.None of the above

21. You see your friends in a canoe. Make observations about them. 1.One is brunette, the other red-headed. 2.Each friend is using one paddle. 3.Both friends are smiling. The following are just examples:

22. Observations can be qualitative or quantitative. Make some quantitative observations: 1.There are TWO girls in the canoe. 2.Each girl is using ONE paddle. 3.There is only 1 canoe. 4.The canoe is 2 meters long The following are just examples:

23. Your friends return from a canoe trip and are soaking wet. What inference might you make? You might infer that it rained, they fell out, the canoe tipped over, etc. The following are just possibilities. You might think of others:

24. Qualitative or Quantitative observation? The penny is new and shiny. Qualitative (no numbers, just describing words)

25. Qualitative or Quantitative observation? The shoes have ten (10) eyelets. Quantitative (has numbers)

26. What is the Scientific Method? A series of steps that _____________ use to answer a__________ or solve a ___________. We use the scientific method every time that we conduct a lab ________________. scientists question Problem investigation

27. Steps of the Scientific Method, in Order? 1.Problem, Materials, Hypothesis, Conclusion 2.Conclusion, Data, Materials, Hypothesis 3.Hypothesis, Materials, Conclusion, Results 4.Problem, Hypothesis, Materials, Procedure

28. Use the sentence at left to help you remember the steps of the scientific method at right: People Hate Mud Pigs Don’t Really Care Problem Hypothesis Materials Procedure Data or Results Conclusion

29. Match the name to the description of steps in the Scientific Method? Guess of an answer The “REAL” or “RIGHT” answer to the question The information that you discover A question you want to answer List of supplies that you’ll need to conduct the “test” The list of steps you must follow to conduct the experiment Problem Hypothesis Materials Procedure Data or Results Conclusion

30. Hypothesis Is an educated guess that answers the question in the problem If …then statementOften, it is an If …then statement Example: If a penny has a greater diameter than a dime, then the penny will hold more water drops on top of it.Example: If a penny has a greater diameter than a dime, then the penny will hold more water drops on top of it.

31. The table indicates the amount of time that four different brands of batteries worked in a flashlight. Which of the following statements is supported by this information? A.Brand L caused the light to shine farther than the other brands tested. B.Brand M lasted longer than the other brands tested. C.Brand N gave off a stronger light than the other brands tested D.Brand O was more expensive than the other brands tested.

32. The table indicates the amount of time that four different brands of batteries worked in a flashlight. Which of the following statements is supported by this information? A.Brand L caused the light to shine father than the other brands tested. B.Brand M lasted longer than the other brands tested. C.Brand N gave off a stronger light than the other brands tested D.Brand O was more expensive than the other brands tested.

33. Choose the correct qua n titative observation. A. The bottle has 15cm of water in it. B. The liquid in the bottle is thick. C. The liquid in the bottle is red. D. The liquid in the bottle is clear

34. Choose the quantitative observation. A. The bottle has 15 (fifteen) cm of water in it. B. The liquid in the bottle is thick. C. The liquid in the bottle is red. D. The liquid in the bottle is clear

35. Independent Variables Remember I, I, I … What do I (the scientist doing the experiment) change in the experiment? I change this variable.

36. Some Scientists call Independent Variables a different name. They call them Manipulated Variables Think man, man, man… “You da Man !” You are the Man (or woMAN) who changes this variable on purpose – to see what will happen!

37. The INDEPENDENT or MANIPULATED variable in an experiment is: the only thing YOU changed with each test of the experiment REMEMBER that YOU decide what this change will be!

38. The DEPENDENT variable is: The information that you WANT to find out What you want to learn from the experiment

39. A student is investigating the nature of gases. The student fills a container with gas. While keeping the temperature constant, the student changes the volume of a container and determines any resulting changes in pressure. At the end of the investigation, the student graphs the data. Which variable is on the x-axis of the graph? A.Volume B.Pressure C.Gas type D.Temperature In the experiment above, what is the independent (manipulated) variable? A.Volume B.Pressure C.Gas type D.Temperature

40. A student is investigating the nature of gases. The student fills a container with gas. While keeping the temperature constant, the student changes the volume of a container and determines any resulting changes in pressure. At the end of the investigation, the student graphs the data. Which variable is on the x-axis of the graph? Volume Pressure Gas type Temperature In the experiment above, what is the independent (manipulated) variable? Volume Pressure Gas type Temperature

41. DRY MIX When graphing, remember these words: DRY- Dependent Variable, also known as Responding Variable Y-axis (where this variable is graphed) MIX – Manipulated Variable, also known as Independent Variable X –axis (where this variable is graphed)

42. Dependent variable Responding variable Y - axis Manipulated variable I ndependent variable X - axis DRYDRY MIX

43. We remember this by MIX: M anipulated variable is the I ndependent variable on the X -axis

44. According to this graph, what is the independent variable? # of Redbulls

45. A scientist is testing to see how long it takes different size parachutes to hit the ground. What is the manipulated variable? parachute size

46. We remember this by DRY: D ependent variable is the R esult of your data on the Y -axis

47. Controlled Variables These variables stay C onstant throughout the experiment. I C ontrol these variables too! Think C, C, C…

48. Identifying Variables Hypothesis: If fertilizer is used on a plant, then the plant will grow bigger in size. Independent Variable: The amount of fertilizer used measured in grams. Dependent Variable(s): 1.Growth of the plant (height) 2.Growth of plant (number of leaves) Controlled Variables (Constants): Same size pot for each plant Same type of plant Same type of soil Same amount of water/light

49. Which graph do you use? a Line Graph Line graphs are used to track changes over short and long periods of time. When smaller changes exist, line graphs are better than bar graphs. Line graphs can also be used to compare changes over the same period of time for more than one group....a Pie Graph Pie graphs are best to use when you are trying to compare parts of a whole (percents). They do not show changes over time....a Bar Graph Bar graphs are used to compare things between different groups.