1. Aging Passerines using Molt limits

2. American Robin
ASY Male -no molt limit -broad feathers with dark shafts

3. American Robin SY Male -molt limit -narrow, “weaker” primary coverts
SY Female
-molt limit
-narrow, “weaker” primary coverts

4. ASY SY Broad primary coverts with dark shafts. Broad greater coverts
With no molt limit.
Narrow, weak primary coverts with brown shafts.
Molt limit within greater coverts. SY
Retained coverts
Replaced coverts

5. Yellow-rumped Warbler
ASY Male
-1 molt limit Alt plumage (greater coverts)

6. Yellow-rumped Warbler
SY Male
-2 molt limit Alt plumage (greater coverts and retained first year feathers)

7. Indigo Bunting The Test Age? ASY Age? SY How do you know?
No molt limit
Age? SY
How do you know?
Clear molt limit