1. The Importance of Consensus Information in Reducing the Biasing Influence of Worldview on Climate Change Attitudes John Cook 12 October 2013, Psychology for a Safe Climate 1.Global Change Institute, University of Queensland 2.University of Western Australia 3.University of Bristol

2. Climate communication magic bullet There is no such thing as a climate communication magic bullet: we need a range of messages for diverse audiences Some bullets are more potent than others Some targets are easier to hit than others

4. “Voters believe that there is no consensus about global warming in the scientific community. Should the public come to believe that the scientific issues are settled, their views about global warming will change accordingly. Therefore, you need to continue to make the lack of scientific certainty a primary issue in the debate.” FRANK LUNTZ

6. The importance of consensus Ding et al 2011 found that people who believe scientists disagree on global warming are less likely to support climate policy McCright et al 2013: “Climate change communicators should therefore identify opportunities and employ techniques to effectively counter the denial machine’s campaign of challenging the scientific consensus. Overcoming its success in generating belief that scientists do not agree about anthropogenic global warming seems to be crucial for increasing public support for emissions reduction policies.”

7. Some bullets are more potent than others.

8. The “Consensus Gap”

16. Attacks on Cook et al. (2013)

17. Lewandowsky et al 2013 Significant, positive interaction between consensus and worldview.

18. Study on effect of consensus information

21. Some targets are easier to hit than others.

22. Consensus info on Australian sample Representative Australian sample (N=400) Positive (weaker) interaction between consensus and worldview

23. Testing consensus info on USA sample Representative US sample (N=325) Significant, negative interaction between consensus and worldview.

26. Conclusion There is a significant gap between public perception of consensus and the 97% reality We need to close the consensus gap to remove one roadblock to climate action Presenting consensus information has a significant positive effect on acceptance of human-caused global warming

27. John Cook Global Change Institute, University of Queensland University of Western Australia Web: www.skepticalscience.com