1. Coming Out of the Dark The Later Middle Ages

2. The Crusades The struggles between Christians & Muslims will lead to many positive aspects which help to end the Dark Age Period – Knowledge – Trade

3. The Renaissance Knowledge – Trade brings classic works like Plato & Aristotle Education – Universities begin to crop up all over Europe Art – Artists begin to emulate artistic styles from the Classical Period Literature – People begin to write in the vernacular Architecture – Gothic Churches show the promise of new buildings

4. Life Gets Better! Let’s be Honest…It Couldn’t Have Gotten Worse Farming Horsepower 3 Field System Longer life Trade East and West Trade Fairs (local) Cities Guilds Jews Nastiness Thank God! Its really over? I Farted!

5. The Church Grows Weak Kings surpass Pope in terms of power Philip IV vs. Pope Boniface VIII Church capital moves to France Causes The Great Schism The Church splits with Constantinople Citizens speak publicly about the church’s corruption John Wycliffe Jan Hus Church’s lack of power during The Plague Scandal Priests having sex Greed Living in Opulence Corruption Lay Investiture Simony Does my hat look like a golden egg? Pope Boniface VIII

6. Formation of Nations Through constant war and political struggle, nations began to emerge towards the end of the Middle Ages As nations unite, Monarchs gain more power Spain, France & England will be the most powerful moving forward Check out my Tebow!

7. The Reconquista Spain finally rids its territory of the Moors or Muslims 700 year struggle Ferdinand and Isabella regain Spain for the Spanish The Spanish Inquisition thus begins I wish my squire looked like Harry Potter

8. Russia is Born Vikings mix & settle with Slavs in Eastern Europe Through trade with the Byzantine Empire the area flourishes Eastern Orthodox Christianity becomes the dominant religion Major cities such as Kiev & Moscow are established

9. Italian Peninsula SPAIN FRANCE ENGLAND HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE SCOTLAND Byzantine/Muslim Empire RUSSIA Netherlands

10. The Hundred Years War England vs. France Joan of Arc War rages (on & off) from 1337-1453 Knights prove to be outdated Marks the end of the Middle Ages

11. Moment of Zen