1. Fig. 11-CO, p. 297

2. Fig. 11-1a, p. 299

3. Fig. 11-1b, p. 299

4. Fig. 11-2a, p. 300

5. Fig. 11-2b, p. 300

6. Fig. 11-2c, p. 300

7. Motion due to inertia Combined effect Motion due to gravity c

8. Fig. 11-3, p. 300

9. 1,650 km (1,023 mi) Earth’s mass is 81 times the mass of the moon Moon (81/82) r (1/82) rAverage Earth–moon distance (r)

10. Fig. 11-4, p. 300

11. Moon Moon attracts ocean

12. Fig. 11-4, p. 300 Center of mass Moon Moon attracts ocean Earth’s motion creates opposing bulge

13. Fig. 11-4, p. 300 Moon Combined result

14. Fig. 11-5, p. 301

15. Inertia (sometimes called centrifugal “force”): The same for all particles in and on Earth. Bulge opposite moon Gravitational attraction: Decreases as the square of the distance from the moon. 4 1 CE Moon Forces are balanced here Bulge toward moon 3 2 Tractive forces: Net force when effects of inertia and gravitational attraction are combined. They create two bulges in the ocean: one in the direction of the moon, the other opposite. The two forces that can move the ocean—inertia and gravitational attraction— are precisely equal in strength but opposite in direction, and thus balanced, only at the center of Earth (point CE ).

16. Fig. 11-6, p. 301

17. Water bulge resulting from inertia (centrifugal “force”) North Pole Moon Water bulge resulting from gravitational attraction South Pole

18. Fig. 11-7a, p. 302

19. 1226 (about noon), Island exposed 1838 (6:38 P.M.) Island submerged 0613 (6:13 A.M.) Island submerged Moon Inertia bulge Earth turns eastward Gravity bulge 0000 (midnight), Island high and dry North Pole

20. Fig. 11-7b, p. 302

21. High tide Average sea level Low tide 0000061312261838 Time of day

22. Fig. 11-8, p. 303

23. The moon moves this much in 8 hours...... and this much in 24 hours Moon Earth North x Pole Tidal bulges Noon8:00 P.M.4:00 A.M.Noon 12:50 P.M. on Day 2 8 hours 50 min Start 1 Solar day 1 Lunar day North x Pole North x Pole North x Pole North x Pole Rotation

24. Fig. 11-8, p. 303 The moon moves this much in 8 hours...... and this much in 24 hours North x Pole 8:00 P.M. 8 hours North x Pole 12:50 P.M. on Day 2 50 min 1 Lunar day Start North x Pole Moon Earth Tidal bulges Noon Rotation Stepped Art North x Pole 4:00 A.M. 8 hours North x Pole Noon 1 Solar day 8 hours

25. Fig. 11-9, p. 303

26. N Moon S

27. Fig. 11-10, p. 303

28. Island partly submerged (lower high tide) North Pole Island submerged (higher high tide) Moon Island exposed (low tide) Earth turns eastward Equator South Pole

29. Fig. 11-11a, p. 304

30. Lunar tide Solar tide Sun Full moon New moon Spring tides Earth turns

31. Fig. 11-11b, p. 304

32. First-quarter moon Lunar tide Solar tide Earth turns Sun Third-quarter moon Neap tides

33. Fig. 11-12, p. 305

34. Fig. 11-13, p. 306

35. Semidiurnal tides Diurnal tides Mixed tides d (ft) Mixed tide, Los AngelesDiurnal tide, Mobile, AlabamaSemidiurnal tide, Cape Cod (m) 14 Higher high tide 4 10 Lower high tide 6 High tide 2 3 4 1 0 0 –4 Low tide –1 0612 18 24 300612 18 24 30 36 42 4806 aTime (hr)b c Lower low tide Higher low tide Low tide 484236

36. Fig. 11-14, p. 307

37. N AP Tidal crest enters basin, trends toward right side (in Northern Hemisphere) due to Coriolis effect. AP = amphidromic point a

38. Fig. 11-14, p. 307 High tide b AP = amphidromic point N AP Rising tide Low tide

39. Fig. 11-14, p. 307 High tide Rising tide AP c AP = amphidromic point N Falling tide

40. Fig. 11-14, p. 307 Falling tide Low tide High tide d AP = amphidromic point N

41. Fig. 11-15, p. 308

42. Fig. 11-16a, p. 308

43. 6 hr 8 hr4 hr 10 hr 2 hr 0 hr Open ocean

44. Fig. 11-16b, p. 308

45. Québec 4 hr 6 hr 2 hr 6 hr Newfoundland 4 hr 2 m 8 hr 1 m 0 hr New Brunswick 10 hr Cape Breton Island Nova Scotia 0100200 km Bay of Fundy 1 100 mi

46. Fig. 11-17a, p. 309

47. Open ocean 2 hr 4 hr

48. Fig. 11-17b, p. 309

49. New Brunswick 10 m St. John 3.5 hr 10 m 3 hr 7.5 m 4 hr 5 m 15 m 4.5 hr Nova Scotia 050 100 km 1050 mi

50. Fig. 11-18a, p. 309

51. Fig. 11-18b, p. 309

52. Fig. 11-19, p. 311

53. Fig. 11-20, p. 312