1. Risk is the Chance of Injury, Damage, or Loss
Topic 1 Lesson 1
Risk
Risk is the Chance of Injury, Damage, or Loss
Injury, Damage, or Loss Usually Are the Consequences of a Crash
Every driver accepts a certain level of risk when driving a vehicle.
A driver must manage risk in order to avoid conflict.
T – 4.1

2. Risk Assessment Elements of Risk are:
Topic 1 Lesson 1
Risk Assessment
Elements of Risk are:
Risk Assessment
Risk Acceptance
Risk Compensation
Unfortunately, drivers often create high risk situations.
T – 4.2

3. Risk Risk Assessment Involves: Recognizing increased risk situations
Topic 1 Lesson 1
Risk
Risk Assessment Involves:
Recognizing increased risk situations
-Speeding Following Too Closely
-Failure to Yield Improper Turns
-DUI Lack of Safety belt use
Understanding the consequences of increased risk situations
Considering your options and the consequences of your choices
T – 4.3

4. Risk Risk Acceptance: Knowledge can help you reduce risk!
Topic 1 Lesson 1
Risk
Risk Acceptance:
There is always a certain amount of risk involved in the driving task.
How much risk is acceptable?
Evaluate Consequences of Taking Risks (Penalty, Damage, Injury or Death)
Knowledge can help you reduce risk!
Having good seeing habits and your ability to manage space on the roadway are essential ingredients for low-risk driving.
To minimize risk, drivers need time, space & visibility to execute a maneuver.
T – 4.4

5. Risk Assessment
Topic 1 Lesson 1
Risk Compensation -- Recognizing potential risk or limitations and making appropriate adjustments
Example taken from Module 3 Topic 3 Lesson RECOGNIZING high risk situations.
Adjust Speed to Reduce Risk
Adjust Lane Position to Reduce Risk
Use Appropriate Communication to Reduce Risk
T – 4.5

6. Three principles for reducing risks
Reduced Risk Driving
Topic 1 Lesson 1
Three principles for reducing risks
Never risk more than you can afford to lose
Do not risk large consequences for a small reward
Consider the odds and your situation
T – 4.5a

7. Reducing Driving Risk
Topic 1 Lesson 2
Good decision-making is essential to reducing driving risks.
A driver in city traffic makes decisions per mile.
Your hands and feet can only do what your brain tells them to do.
Developing good procedures for decision making:
Observation skills
Experiences
Developing good habits
T – 4.6

8. Reducing Driving Risk
Topic 1 Lesson 2
Work towards developing the best risk- reducing procedures and safe-driving habits.
Habits are difficult to change.
A space management system helps you to develop good driving habits.
T – 4.7

9. Topic 1 Lesson 2
Reducing Driving Risk
Guided practice is key to developing sound habits and judgments
Get extensive practice on all basic driving procedures
Use a space management and targeting system
Good habits and judgment
often deteriorate over time
Complacency
Most novice drivers rate
themselves as “good” drivers
There may be no negative results from negative behavior
T – 4.8

10. PREVENTION Risk Reduction Goals
Topic 1 Lesson 2
Risk Reduction Goals
Make every driving sequence an efficient driving sequence.
Use processing skills to make accurate judgments.
Develop sound procedures for all maneuvers.
PREVENTION
T – 4.10

11. Aggressive Driving/Road Rage Most Crashes are NOT Accidents
Topic 6 Lesson 1
Aggressive Driving/Road Rage
Most Crashes are NOT Accidents
They are often the result of drivers who
speed;
tailgate;
run red lights;
weave in and out of traffic; or
vent frustrations or emotions in the vehicle.
T – 7.29

12. Factors Leading to Aggressive Driving/Road Rage
Topic 6 Lesson 1
Factors Leading to Aggressive Driving/Road Rage
More Cars
More Traffic Congestion
More Frustration
More Stress
More Hostility
More Violence
T – 7.29a

13. Factors Leading to Aggressive Driving/Road Rage
Topic 6 Lesson 1
Factors Leading to Aggressive Driving/Road Rage
Did you know?
In the past 30 years in the US:
population has increased 30%
number of licensed vehicles has increased 87%
vehicle miles traveled increased 130%
highway capacity has only increased 5%
T – 7.29b

14. Self-Imposed Anxieties
Topic 6 Lesson 1
Factors Leading to Aggressive Driving/ Road Rage
Self-Imposed Anxieties
“I’m going to be late if I don’t hurry up.”
“Why are these cars going so slowly?”
“We’ll never make it.”
“If only I had gone a little faster, I would’ve made it.”
“Oh no! Red light!”
T – 7.29c

15. Three Types of Aggressive Drivers
Topic 6 Lesson 1
Quiet Road-Rage:
Verbal Road-Rage:
Epic Road-Rage:
yelling
cussing
staring
honking
insulting
cutting off
blocking
chasing
fighting
shooting
complaining
rushing
competing
resisting
AAAAAGHH!!!
YOU’RE TOO SLOW~MOVE!!!
What’s the hold up!!!
Come on, HURRY UP
LET’S GO!!!
T – 7.30

16. Signs of an Aggressive Driver
Topic 6 Lesson 1
Tailgating to pressure a driver to go faster or get out of the way
Flashing lights to signal the driver to move out of the way
Weaving in and out of traffic
Cutting people off
Racing to beat a yellow light
T – 7.31

17. Signs of an Aggressive Driver
Topic 6 Lesson 1
Signs of an Aggressive Driver
Behaving impatiently with slower drivers
Honking the horn or screaming
Speeding
Not coming to a complete stop at stop signs
Making gestures
Passing on shoulder or unpaved areas
T – 7.32

18. Do You Drive Aggressively?
Topic 6 Lesson 1
The “Rush In” Area
Is constant rushing and lane jumping your style?
Do you believe OTHERS are just in your way?
Do you ignore road signs and regulations, believing they’re for other drivers?
T – 7.34

19. Do You Drive Aggressively?
Topic 6 Lesson 1
Do You Drive Aggressively?
In “Total Aggression”
Constantly ridiculing and criticizing other drivers to self or passengers
Closing gap to deny entry into your lane
Giving the “look” to show your disapproval
Speeding past another car or revving engine
HURRY UP
LET’S GO, MOVE IT!!!
T – 7.35

20. Do You Drive Aggressively?
Topic 6 Lesson 1
Do You Drive Aggressively?
In “Total Aggression”
Prevent others from passing you
Tailgating to pressure a driver to go faster or get out of your way
Fantasizing physical violence
Honking, yelling through the window
Making visible insulting gestures
What are you, an IDIOT?!
T – 7.36

21. Do You Drive Aggressively?
Topic 6 Lesson 1
Do You Drive Aggressively?
In The “Violence” Area
Carrying a weapon just in case…
Deliberately bumping or ramming
Trying to run a car off the road to punish
Getting out of the car, beating or battering someone
Trying to run someone down
Thoughts of killing someone
Shooting at another car
T – 7.37

22. Road Rage Preventing Road Rage
Topic 6 Lesson 1
Preventing Road Rage
Road Rage
A Societal Condition Where Motorists Become Violent in Reaction to Traffic Disturbances or Driver Behavior
T – 7.38

23. If Confronted by an Aggressive Driver
Preventing Road Rage
Topic 6 Lesson 1
If Confronted by an Aggressive Driver
Avoid horn use
Don’t block the passing lane
Don’t tailgate
Keep music at a reasonable level
Avoid eye contact
Try to get out of the way
Put your pride in the back seat
Ignore gestures and refuse to return them
T – 7.39

24. Topic 6 Lesson 1
Preventing Road Rage
Don’t Respond -- Stay COOL. Don’t react to other drivers’ aggressive actions.
Don’t Engage -- Stay away from vehicles driving recklessly.
Don’t Up the Ante -- Don’t take traffic problems personally.
Swallow Your Pride -- Take a courteous and helpful attitude toward other drivers.
Choose the Road “LESS Traveled” -- Avoid aggressive drivers by traveling less congested roadways.
T – 7.40

25. Preventing Road Rage
Topic 6 Lesson 2
Making Errors -- Expect other drivers to make mistakes.
Responding to Errors -- Assume other drivers’ mistakes are not personal and be polite and courteous even if the other driver is not.
Controlling Emotions -- Smiles and courtesy can minimize feelings of hostility.
Response to problems -- Tell yourself to take a few deep breaths and say: “I won’t let this get to me.”
T – 7.41

26. DRIVING IS A COOPERATIVE VENTURE: NOT A COMPETITIVE SPORT!
Topic 6 Lesson 2
Useful Attitudes
DRIVING IS A COOPERATIVE VENTURE: NOT A COMPETITIVE SPORT!
T – 7.41a

27. Preventing Road Rage
Topic 6 Lesson 2
How will you respond?
T – 7.42

28. Remember that you cannot control traffic, only your reaction to it!
Topic 6 Lesson 2
Positive Attitudes
Remember that you cannot control traffic, only your reaction to it!
T – 7.43