1. DRIVING SANE, SAFE, AND SOBER!

2. Athletes prepare for competition. Leaders prepare for speeches. Teachers prepare their lessons. Pilots prepare to fly.

3. Your emotional state affects the way you drive and the way you respond to other drivers.

4. Your health affects the way you drive also!

5. Your attitude may be the most important thing of all; in driving and all parts of your life!

6. Why do you think Idaho has a Zero Tolerance Law for persons under age 21? Why do some people choose not to use alcohol or other drugs? DRUGS: To use or not to use?

7. Y OUR C HOICES AND R ESPONSIBILITIES  List some short-term and long-term rewards.  List some short-term and long-term consequences.  Is alcohol and other drug use short- term or long term reward?  Are consequences of alcohol use short-term or long-term?  Easiest way to avoid the consequences is?

8. 220 lbs 110 lbs 8 oz 0.04 0.08 BAC F ACTORS  Weight  Time Spent Drinking  Gender  Food  Alcohol Content  Size of Drink

9. A RE T HEY T HE S AME ?  Beer  Whiskey  Wine  Cooler  Margarita

10. H OW M UCH L IGHT B EER (M ALE ) Weight BAC Ounces of BAC Ounces ofBAC Ounces of Male Light Beer Light Beer Light Beer 2000.0322 oz.0.0537 oz.0.0752 oz. 1900.0321 oz.0.0534 oz.0.0750 oz. 1800.0320 oz.0.0533 oz.0.0746 oz. 1700.0319 oz.0.0532 oz.0.0744 oz. 1600.0318 oz.0.0530 oz.0.0741 oz. 1500.0317 oz.0.0529 oz.0.0739 oz. 1400.0316 oz.0.0527 oz.0.0737 oz. 1300.0315 oz.0.0525 oz.0.0734 oz. 1200.0314 oz.0.0522 oz.0.0732 oz. 1100.0313 oz.0.0521 oz.0.0729 oz. 1000.0311 oz.0.0520 oz.0.0728 oz. 900.0310 oz.0.0518 oz.0.0726 oz. 800.03 8 oz.0.0517 oz.0.0723 oz. 70 0.03 6 oz.0.0515 oz.0.0719 oz. 55 0.03 4 oz.0.0512 oz.0.0717 oz. Basic Assumption: 12 oz of Light Beer = 1 oz of 86 proof liquor

11. H OW M UCH L IGHT B EER (F EMALE ) Weight BAC Ounces of BAC Ounces ofBAC Ounces of Female Light Beer Light Beer Light Beer 2550.0322 oz.0.0537 oz.0.0752 oz. 2300.0321 oz.0.0534 oz.0.0750 oz. 2200.0320 oz.0.0533 oz.0.0746 oz. 2100.0319 oz.0.0532 oz.0.0744 oz. 2000.0318 oz.0.0530 oz.0.0741 oz. 1950.0317 oz.0.0529 oz.0.0739 oz. 1800.0316 oz.0.0527 oz.0.0737 oz. 1700.0315 oz.0.0525 oz.0.0734 oz. 1600.0314 oz.0.0522 oz.0.0732 oz. 1500.0313 oz.0.0521 oz.0.0729 oz. 1300.0311 oz.0.0520 oz.0.0728 oz. 1200.0310 oz.0.0518 oz.0.0726 oz. 1100.03 8 oz.0.0517 oz.0.0723 oz. 900.03 6 oz.0.0515 oz.0.0719 oz. 800.03 4 oz.0.0512 oz.0.0717 oz. Basic Assumption: 12 oz of Light Beer = 1 oz of 86 proof liquor

12. E LIMINATION OF A LCOHOL PROCESS TIME FACTORS Breath Urine Sweat } 10% LIVER 90% About 0.015 BAC Reduction Per Hour Assumption: Adult male 150-180 lbs. with normal liver function Therefore:BAC of 0.05 = 3.5 hours for removal BAC of 0.07 = 5.0 hours for removal BAC of 0.10 = 7.0 hours for removal BAC of 0.15 = 10.0 hours for removal

13. E LIMINATION R ATE Stops Drinking @ 12:30am.16=Peak @ 1:00INTOXICATED LEGALLY (.08) @ 6:00AM IMPAIRED (.05) @ 9:30AM ABSORPTIONELIMINATION HRS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 BAC

14. A LCOHOL A FFECTS THE B ODY Liver Heart Sexuality Sleep Stomach Brain

15. A LCOHOL A FFECTS P EOPLE D IFFERENTLY Tolerance Personality Mood Experience Fatigue Medication Weight Age

16. P SYCHOLOGICAL E FFECTS OF A LCOHOL U SE  Attention  Memory  Emotions  Aggression  Tolerance

17. A LCOHOL AND S PACE M ANAGEMENT After drinking, the driver may tend to stare at the center line.

18. I MPAIRED V ISION  Side Vision  Color Distinction (street lights)  Eye Focus  Double Vision  Distance Judgment

19. R ISK -T AKING P ROBLEM The impaired brain is unable to make good judgments or smart decisions.

20. C HANCE OF D EATH for ages 16-19 by BAC levels BAC Increased Risk of Death.015 -.049.05 -.079.08 -.099.10 -.149.15 and greater 2.5 9 40 90 420 STUDY INCLUDES COMPARISON OF SINGLE VEHICLE COLLISIONS IN AGE GROUP

21. D RUGS AND D RIVING  Perception  Judgment  Coordination  Vision  Mood

22. M ARIJUANA AND D RIVING  Takes about 300 µg/kg to achieve a high  Effects at 300 µg/kg:  Tracking  Following Distance  Vigilance  Divided Attention

23. O THER T YPES OF D RUGS AND D RIVING Over the Counter Medications Over the Counter Medications Tranquilizers Stimulants Narcotics Prescription Medications These can all affect driving behaviors and abilities

24. Driving While “Fatigued” *64% of Americans get less than 8 hours of sleep each night. *30% of Americans get less than 6 hours of sleep each night. *Drowsiness causes an estimated 100,000 police-reported crashes in America each year, resulting in 76,000 injuries and 1,500 deaths. *Some studies have shown that up to 20% of U.S. crashes are sleep-related; 1 in 5 crashes! If this is true - it’s an epidemic. 23% of those in sleep-related crashes reported not feeling tired at all before the crash! You can’t rely on “feeling” tired as your warning. *AAAfoundation.org

25.  A Body Response  Follows a Period of: Extended mental activity Extended physical activity  May also be caused by: A heavy meal A period of time after having too much caffeine (regular use can result in chronic adrenal exhaustion) Disruption of the natural sleep cycle  Characterized by: Reduced capacity to perform tasks Reduced abilities to concentrate What is FATIGUE?

26. Those who are sleep-deprived Those who drive during high-risk times of day or night Those who drive during high-risk or high-stress conditions Those who consume alcohol or use medications or drugs that interfere with ability to maintain alertness

27. T IRED VS. D RUNK Studies show that tired drivers are just as (or more) dangerous than drug or alcohol-impaired drivers on the road! How many people in this room are: drunk right now? High on drugs? Distracted? How many of you are tired? It is similar out on our roads. More people are tired than otherwise impaired or distracted.

28. Symptoms of Fatigue  Inability to keep fixed attention  Impaired memory  Slower reaction time  Difficulty / slowness in reasoning  Weakness / tired muscles

30. Strategies for Driving While Fatigued  Avoid long drives  Avoid leaning forward  Keep your eyes moving  Let in fresh air  Change drivers regularly  Adjust in-car temperature (not too hot or cold)  Drink some caffeine  Take breaks to get out and stretch

31. Drowsy driving is dangerous to yourself and others on the road. Drowsy driving is similar to driving drunk or drugged. Drowsy driving must become as socially unacceptable as drunk driving. Support one another by promoting a good night’s sleep before a long drive, sharing driving duties if allowed, and being a good passenger and keeping the driver aware and awake.

32. Aggressive Driving Speeding Running signs or lights Tailgating Weaving in and out of traffic Failing to yield the right of way Cutting off other drivers Yelling or honking your horn at other drivers

34. Road Rage When aggressive driving becomes violent it is road rage Pursuing another vehicle in a chase Leaving your car to confront another driver Intentionally bumping or ramming another car. Physically assaulting another driver Using a car as a weapon Displaying a weapon Firing a gun or using another weapon

35. Road Rage! Formula for Road Rage + More Cars Less Space More Driver Interactions Increased cultural disrespect and selfishness =

37. Self-Imposed Anxieties  “I’m going to be late if I don’t hurry up.”  “Why are these cars going so slow?”  “We’ll never make it.”  “If only I had gone a little faster, I could’ve made it.”  “Oh no! Red light!”

38. Anger Containment Techniques  Don’t respond  Don’t engage  Don’t up the ante  Swallow your pride  Choose the road “less traveled”  What is there to prove, really?

39. D EALING WITH A NGER How will you respond?

40. Reducing Driver Distractions Photo courtesy of the AAA Foundation

41. D RIVER D ISTRACTIONS Each year, more than 40,000 people are killed in motor vehicle crashes and over three million are injured! Research indicates that driver distraction is a contributing factor in more than 25% of all crashes Source: AAA Foundation Research

42. DRIVER DISTRACTIONS- O UTSIDE THE V EHICLE Bright vehicle lights Billboards and signs Driver being chased by police Officer directing traffic Animal in roadway (deer, dog, elk, etc. ) Photo courtesy of the AAA Foundation

43. DRIVER DISTRACTIONS- O UTSIDE THE V EHICLE Sunrise, sunset People in roadway (child, basketball game, crowd, etc) Objects in the roadway (broken glass, garbage can, etc. holes) Crash scene Photo courtesy of the AAA Foundation

44. DRIVER DISTRACTIONS- I NSIDE THE V EHICLE Eating or drinking Other occupants in the vehicle Moving object in vehicle All actions involved with smoking can be a distraction Photo courtesy of the AAA Foundation

45. DRIVER DISTRACTIONS- I NSIDE THE V EHICLE Dialing, talking, texting or looking up information on a cell phone Adjusting radio, cassette, or CD Using device/object in the vehicle Using vehicle devices or controls Picking up a dropped object Photo courtesy of the AAA Foundation

46. P ROBLEMS WITH D RIVER D ISTRACTIONS ARE NOT N EW Some of the “old” distractions that continue to cause problems are children and babies, cigarettes, drinks, radios and audio players, and insects or bugs that find their way into the vehicle. Photo courtesy of the AAA Foundation

47. P ROBLEMS WITH D RIVER D ISTRACTIONS ARE NOT N EW Newer” distractions include GPS navigation systems, digital music, On- Star roadside assistance, and cell phones. Photo courtesy of the AAA Foundation

48. N EW I SSUE OR O LD I SSUE ? Driver Distractions from 1913- 2010 19831913201019541930 Windshield Wipers Radios Drive-Up Windows Mobile Phones Email, Internet, texting, etc. 2000 MP3 and DVD players

49. D RIVER A GE G ROUPS D ISTRACTIONS Drivers under age 20 are more likely than older drivers to be identified as distracted at the time of their crash. 20-29 year-olds use a cell phone frequently. 30-49 year-olds eat and drink more often in the car. 50 plus drivers are more distracted by outside objects and events. Photos courtesy of the AAA Foundation

50. W HEN D ISTRACTIONS L EAD TO C OLLISIONS Distractions and inattention cause 68% of rear-end crashes. Other typical crashes include backing up, making lane changes, and merging. Photo courtesy of the AAA Foundation

51. H IGH R ISK D RIVING D ISTRACTIONS Reading and writing. Manipulating vehicle controls for extended periods of time. Focusing on an external distraction. Having emotionally charged discussion with passengers. Reaching for objects inside the vehicle. Dialing a cell phone. Carrying on a cell phone conversation. Performing grooming activities when the vehicle is moving. Texting

52. W HEN D ISTRACTIONS L EAD TO C OLLISIONS High-risk drivers tend to have higher levels of no hands on the steering wheel, their eyes are directed inside rather than outside the vehicle, and their vehicles wander in the travel lane or cross into another travel lane. Photo courtesy of the AAA Foundation

53. D ISTRACTIONS ARE A FFECTING D RIVER L AWS Many states are passing, or looking into passing, laws regarding driver distractions.

54. D ISTRACTIONS ARE A FFECTING D RIVER L AWS Much of this attention stems from the enormous increase in cell phone use by drivers and the prospect of similar growth in other in-vehicle technologies. Photo courtesy of the AAA Foundation

55. N EW V EHICLE T ECHNOLOGY ─ H ELPFUL OR H ARMFUL ? Drivers must use new technology responsibly while driving. Electronic devices can enhance safety in many ways. When stuck in traffic, using a mobile phone to say you'll be late can reduce stress and make drivers less inclined to drive aggressively. Any activity that takes your attention from the road makes the driving task more dangerous! Photo courtesy of the AAA Foundation

56. N EW V EHICLE T ECHNOLOGY - H ELPFUL OR H ARMFUL ? Vehicle navigation systems help drivers locate addresses and guide them to their destination. Wireless Internet and messaging are becoming the norm on my phones and in many new vehicles. In-vehicle DVD movie players are popular for passengers to pass time when going on a lengthy trip. Are movies a distraction for drivers? Photo courtesy of the AAA Foundation

57. C ONSEQUENCES OF D ISTRACTED D RIVING Distracted driving is one of the leading causes of collisions. It forces drivers to make sudden decisions. Drivers can easily be involved in a collision. Photo courtesy of the AAA Foundation

58. C ONSEQUENCES OF D ISTRACTED D RIVING Each year, more than 40,000 people are killed in motor vehicle crashes and over three million are injured. Distracted driving contributes to over 1,500,000 collisions each year. That’s 4,300 collisions each day 179 Collisions every hour.

59. D IVIDED A TTENTION T ASKS Divided attention can lead to missed brake lights, missed traffic sign or signal, missed animal or pedestrian, or a drift out of the lane position. Photo courtesy of the AAA Foundation

60. D IVIDED A TTENTION T ASKS A driver can learn to operate the vehicle with simple eye, hand, and feet coordination. However, the driving task is a mental process that needs constant attention to the path of travel in order to keep the vehicle within the lane space and adjust to any restrictions in the path of travel. Photo courtesy of the AAA Foundation

61. D IVIDED A TTENTION T ASKS It is important to recognize that taking attention from the path of travel means the vehicle is moving on the roadway without the driver seeing where the vehicle is going or mentally processing any new information. Source: Unknown

62. D IVIDED A TTENTION T ASKS It is critical never to look away from the path of travel for more than ½ second at a time without moving visual and mental attention back to the path of travel. Photo courtesy of the AAA Foundation

63. L EARNING HOW TO H ANDLE D ISTRACTIONS Learning to drive involves learning how to develop divided attention to different tasks. Know how to operate the vehicle controls. Be able to keep the vehicle on the road. Be able to keep the vehicle in the lane. Be able to place the vehicle in different lane positions. Be able to avoid risk. Photo courtesy of the AAA Foundation

64. C ELL P HONE S TRATEGIES A "hands-free" apparatus may be helpful, but they can't prevent drivers from becoming involved in a conversation and losing concentration. If you must use a cell phone, especially to text, safely pull over to the side of the road. If drivers must respond to an emergency while driving, use speed dial features and a hands-free kit. Alert the caller that you are on the road. Keep calls as brief as possible.

65. I DAHO ’ S T EXTING AND D RIVING L AW Starting July 1, 2012, no driver in the state of Idaho can text while driving.

66. B UT W HAT IS “T EXTING ?” The definition of texting is: “reviewing, manually preparing, or transmitting written communication by a handheld wireless device.”

67. W HAT A BOUT ….? Calling someone? Dialing a number or answering a call is fine. Scrolling through an address book is not. Hands-free or voice activated? Both are fine! Using a GPS device or GPS app? No, it is “reviewing written communication.” Do all mapping and trip planning before driving or when stopped.

68. O R …? Just reading a text message? Definitely not legal or safe. No. Facebook posts or messages? No. They are as dangerous as text messages. Looking up the time a movie starts? No. That is reviewing written communication. Activating or deactivating a phone feature or function? Yes. This is legal.

69. So a cell phone can pretty much only be used as a phone while driving?

70. E VEN BETTER…

71. C HILDREN AND D RIVING Make sure children are comfortable and properly buckled up. To keep children from distracting the driver, provide them with safe items they may need for the road trip.

72. F OOD AND D RIVING Give yourself a break from the traffic and enjoy your refreshments outside the car. Someone choking on food or spilling liquid in the vehicle can take the driver’s attention off the road. Photo courtesy of the AAA Foundation

73. O THER S TRATEGIES FOR R EDUCING R ISK Avoid reading while driving. Finish grooming before driving. Don't rely on the time in your vehicle to take care of personal routine such as applying make-up, combing hair or shaving. Photo courtesy of the AAA Foundation

74. CONCLUSION As a new driver, keep 100 percent of your attention on driving until you get better at doing multiple things at once in the car. Photo courtesy of the AAA Foundation