1. 1 Office of the Director Defense Research and Engineering National Security Workforce Challenges: Current Initiatives Presented by Dr. Bill Berry Acting Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (Laboratories and Basic Sciences) 15 January 2005

2. 2 A National Issue “An Emerging and Critical Problem of the Science and Engineering Workforce” 1 –12 Major studies (1999-2004) make essentially the same point –A few studies did not consider security clearance needs and rely on relaxation of immigration rules Growing need for U.S. citizens in national security activities 1. National Science Board Companion Paper to “National Science and Engineering Indicators 2004”, National Science Foundation, April 2004

3. 3 U.S. College and University Graduates, 1966-2001 U.S. Production of S&E Graduates* 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 19661971197619811986199119962001 Baccalaureates (Millions) 1994 2001 *Source: Data provided by the NSF, September 2003 Academic year ending in...

4. 4 U.S. University Trends in Defense-Related S&E Graduate Student Enrollment (1994-2001) Science Disciplines Aliens with Temporary Visas U.S. Citizens + Permanent Resident Aliens U.S. Citizen + Perm 8 Yr. Delta -27.2% -9.9% -25.3% +14.1% Physics Chemistry Math/Applied Computer Sci. Physics Chemistry Math/Applied Computer Sciences Physics Chemistry Math/Applied Computer Sciences 1994 / 2001 Physics Chemistry Math/Applied Computer Sci. Table I-2 *Source: National Science Foundation – Graduate Students and Post Doctorates in Science and Engineering: Fall 2001

5. 5 U.S. University Trends in Defense-Related S&E Graduate Student Enrollment (1994-2001) Engineering Disciplines U.S. Citizens + Perm. Resident Aliens U.S. Citizen + Perm 8 Yr. Delta Aliens with Temporary Visas -26.2% -18.9% -21.7% -33.0% -32.1% -29.7% -24.7% -49.1% Aerospace Chemical Electrical Engineering Sciences Industrial/ Mfg. Mechanical Metallurgy/ Materials Nuclear Aerospace Chemical Electrical Engineering Sciences Industrial/ Mfg. Mechanical Metallurgy/ Materials Nuclear Aerospace Chemical Electrical Engineering Science Industrial/Manufacturing Mechanical Metallurgical/Materials Nuclear Aerospace Chemical Electrical Engineering Science Industrial/Manufacturing Mechanical Metallurgical/Materials Nuclear 1994 / 2001 Table III *Source: National Science Foundation – Graduate Students and Post Doctorates in Science and Engineering: Fall 2001

6. 6 DoD Scientists & Engineers (S&E) “Attrition” in DoD labs: ~13,000 Science, Math, Engineering and Technology (SMET) departures projected within 10 years The number of clearable students pursuing defense- related critical skills degrees is small and declining Projected U.S. demand for S&E’s will be up 10% by 2010 (Bureau of Labor Statistics 2001) –DoD will have tough competition for best S&Es –Linguist needs in Science & Technology (S&T) also beneficial

7. 7 Source: Pre-release - OPM data for NSF pub, Table B-14. Federal scientists and engineers, by agency and major occupational group: 1999-2002 DoD S&Es as % of Total Fed S&Es

8. 8 DoD Civilian S&E’s Current50+% ≥ 50 < BS7586244932.3% BS546731539028.1% MS22515970143.1% Ph.D.5777326256.5% Total905513080234.0% All DoD Civilians in S&E Occupational Series Source: DMDC Data for April, 2004

9. 9 S&E Workforce Current Efforts Across DoD Pre-college (K-12) Materials World Modules (Ray Pawlicki – Army) STARBASE – (Ernie Gonzales – OSD-RA) eCybermission – ( Kelly Stratchko – Army) Undergraduate ─Awards to Stimulate & Support Undergraduate Research Education (ASSURE) (with NSF; Koto White – AFOSR) ─Research Assistantships in microelectronics (with Semiconductor Industries Association) (Dan Radack – DARPA) ─Science, Mathematics and Research for Transformation (SMART) (K. Thompson – DoD/Koto White - AFOSR)

10. 10 Current S&E Workforce Efforts Across DoD Graduate National Defense Science & Engineering Graduate Fellowships (NDSEG) Naval Research – Science and Technology for Americas Readiness (N-STAR – with NSF, Bob Kavetsky – Navy) SMART (Keith Thompson/Koto White – AFOSR)

11. 11 SMART Program Components Science, Mathematics and Research for Transformation Congress Appropriated -- $2.5M FY 05 Undergraduate/Graduate – US Citizens Critical Skills areas Institution independent 2 years support – to achieve degree –Tuition, fees, books, lab expenses, room & board Satisfactory academic performance Work payback required

12. 12 DoD Outreach Initiatives ‘Taking the Pentagon to the People’ Outreach Initiative Technical Assistance Workshops Leadership Symposiums Student Expositions & Luncheons Exhibitions Other DoD Sponsored events at Science & Engineer related conferences (WoC, Black Engineer, MAES, LULAC) Partnerships & Task Forces Student Luncheons & Orientations Symposiums H.S. & College Student Information & Recruitment Booths DoD Laboratories & Centers of Excellence in Research

13. 13 DoD Outreach Initiatives Student & Faculty Employment Programs Student & Faculty Internships & Fellowships Paid & Volunteer External Appointing Authorities/Programs (i.e. Outstanding Scholar, PMF) Student Temporary Experience Program (STEP) Student Career Experience Program (SCEP) Summer Employment Programs Workforce Recruitment Program for Students with Disabilities (WRP) Disabled Veteran Employment Program On-Site Campus Visits

14. 14 Diversity in Context US employment population in 2003 Total Workforce 137,736 (K) 10.1% of total are SME Workforce (approx) 46.8% of total are Women 17.1% of total are Minority Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics http://www.bls.gov/cps/cpsaat9.pdf http://www.bls.gov/cps/cpsaat10.pdf

15. Information and Technology for Better Decision Making MDDC 15January 2005 Army 34% Navy 45% Air Force 17% Other DoD 4% What Were Sep 2004 Civilian S&T End Strengths? Distribution* by DoD Component  Army 25,745 33.4%  Navy 34,868 45.2%  Air Force 13,420 17.4%  Other DoD 3,033 3.9% 77,066 S&T CIVILIANS ASSIGNED TO DoD * May not add to 100.0% due to rounding S&T WORKFORCE REPRESENTS 12% OF ALL DoD CIVILIANS

16. Information and Technology for Better Decision Making MDDC 16January 2005 Females Make Up Two-Fifths of S&T Workforce S&T Civilians Total DoD Civilians PERCENT FEMALE Sep 2004 Distribution of DoD Civilian S&T Workforce

17. Information and Technology for Better Decision Making MDDC 17January 2005 One-Fifth of S&T Workforce is Non-White PERCENT NON-WHITE Sep 2004 Distribution of DoD Civilian S&T Workforce S&T Civilians Total DoD Civilians

18. 18 Critical Issues Remain  Keeping students on the Path  Capture them in the DoD and National Security Workforce  Attracting the “Underrepresented Majority” (women, minorities) to S&E careers

19. 19 Backup

20. 20 Awards to Stimulate & Support Undergraduate Research Education (ASSURE) Joint DoD/NSF undergraduate research program based on National Science Foundation Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REU) site program Support ~20 summer research sites in DoD relevant science and engineering (~10 students/site; avg. award 3 years; 8-10 weeks) Army, Air Force, & Navy representatives select sites for DoD funding Participants must be US citizens or permanent residents Encourages participation of women, underrepresented minorities, & students from institutions where research opportunities are limited Air Force is lead service for administering this program FY04 ASSURE budget: $4.5M

21. 21 Supports Army’s intent “to give back to the Nation” Attracts an audience of children beyond math/science “stars” Web-based adventure: team competition activities, games, puzzles with solid learning points Overview Web Based Competition – Team Effort 6-9 th Grade, 3-4 Student Teams + 1 Advisor $500K in Prizes, ($2K-$5K/Team Member) Regional and National eCYBERMISSION Shows Students that Math, Science and Technology can be interesting and exciting

22. 22 STARBASE Primarily At-Risk kids 20 Classroom Hour experience at DoD bases 45+ sites in 28 states Engaging Science and Mathematics Grades 5-8

23. 23  Secondary School Curriculum Students complete a series of hands-on, inquiry-based activities in each module Each module culminates in design challenges Students simulate the work of scientists (through activities that foster inquiry) and engineers (through activities that emphasize design) Identify problem. Propose design. Build and test prototype Based on results, redesign product. Identify question. Propose explanation. Create and perform experiment Based on results, refine explanation Goal: Functional product Goal: Working explanation Design cycleInquiry cycle EngineeringScience MS&E: National Security and the Workforce Northwestern University Materials World Modules (MWM)  Pedagogy integrates Inquiry and Design

24. 24 Troops to Teachers Background è Began in 1994 as transition assistance program è Financial aid for 2 years (FY 94 & 95) è Provided placement assistance from FY 96 - 01 è Defense Authorization Bill of 2000 moved responsibility to Dept of Education è “No Child Left Behind Act of 2001” provides financial assistance, extends program thru FY 06

25. 25 Recruit quality teachers for schools serving low-income families Help relieve teacher shortages, primarily in Math, Science, & Special Ed Assist military personnel in moving to second careers in K-12, public school teaching Troops to Teachers Program Purpose "America’s school children need you’’ Laura Bush, First Lady of the United States

26. 26 Where “Troops” Teach 401+ (4) 201 - 400 (5) 101 - 200 (9) 51 - 100 (9) 26 - 50 (9) 0 - 25 (15)

27. 27 Minority Hires Compared to All Teachers 10% 90% 58% 42% *NEA Report - Status of the American Public School Teacher 2000-2001

28. 28 Gender Hires Compared to All Teachers 21% 79% 81% 19% *NEA Report - Status of the American Public School Teacher 2000-2001

29. 29 “Troops” Teaching Math & Science Incomplete data (~7500 “Troops” Teaching) ~25% (1750) of the “Troops” are teaching Math & Science (all levels) ~50% M&S “Troop” Teachers are Minority Most of them are Male