1. National CAD Standard United States Version 3.1
A Consensus Standard Incorporating Industry Publications
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2. AGENDA How Standards Help NCS Background & Concepts NCS Components
& Changes
 5: AGENDA
(Hold up a copy of the NCS) As you can see, the National CAD Standard™ is a mammoth document. This presentation is designed to give you an overview of some of the National CAD Standard™ concepts and directions. In the interest of time, I will pause only once or twice for comments, so I invite you to jot them down. We will have plenty of Q&A time at the end.
Before I begin talking about the National CAD Standard™ itself, I’ll take a moment to talk about the virtues– and headaches– of standards.
 Then, we’ll discuss some of the Background, History, Guiding Principles, and Concepts of the NCS.
 Then, for the majority of the time, I’ll talk about the components of the National CAD Standard™ , and what they mean to you.
 Finally, we’ll wrap it up with some interesting facts about the NCS, and I’ll invite each of you to participate on a Project Committee Task Team.
 Then, I’ll give you a chance to ask your questions.
Conclusion: Get
Involved
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Q&A

3. LAW #3 LAW #4: LAW #1: LAW #2: STANDARDS
IMPLEMENTATION
IRON LAWS OF STANDARDS IMPLEMENTATION
Based on more than Individual Preferences/ Personality Traits
Universality is a Worthy, but Unrealistic Goal
 91: IMPLEMENTATION
1. No Standard can be based on Individual Preferences or Personality Traits.
Consequently, some individuals will resist adopting standards because it conflicts with their preferences or personality.
2. Standards Cannot Please Everyone, or fit every situation.
However, that is not enough reason to dismiss them out-of-hand.
Though standards are not always “gospel,” they offer security, increased efficiency, and interoperability.
Establishing this standard as an office reference can make adoption process easier
3. Standards evolve to meet Industry needs.
Committing to a standard means committing to a process of adaptation
Currently, sheet keynotes easy to incorporate into current CAD platform
4. Initial Implementation is almost always painful.
It’s up to you to weigh the pain against the benefits.
Costs will be involved to go through the learning curve process
Third-Party CAD software can help streamline reference keynote notation process
LAW #3
Standards evolve to meet Industry needs.
Committing to a standard means committing to a process of adaptation
LAW #4:
Initial Implementation is almost always painful.
You must weigh the pain against the benefits.
LAW #1:
No Standard can be based on Individual Preferences or Personality Traits.
Consequently, some individuals will resist adopting standards because it conflicts with their preferences or personality.
LAW #2:
Standards Cannot Please Everyone, or fit every situation.
However, that is not enough reason to dismiss them out-of-hand.
Though standards are not always “gospel,” they offer security, increased efficiency, and interoperability.
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Standards Evolve With the Industry
Implementation can be Painful
HOW STANDARDS HELP **
IRON LAWS OF IMPLEMENTATION

4. RELEVANCY Who Should Care about the NCS? Architects
Engineers (all types)
 91: RELEVANCY
(No script for this slide yet)
Facility Managers
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Owners
Specifiers
Draftspeople
Students
Academic Faculty
HOW STANDARDS HELP **
RELEVANCY

5. FACILITY
DEFINITION:
A structure, or a group of structures, including site construction, serving one or more purposes.
The NCS uses “Facility” in a very broad sense.
- 6: FACILITY
For our purposes, a Facility is any A structure, or a group of structures, including site construction, serving one or more purposes. Some people also refer to it simply as “The Built Environment.”
The National CAD Standard™ organizes Graphic Information for Facilities
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NCS BACKGROUND & CONCEPTS **
FACILITY DEFINITION

6. FACILITY CYCLE Previous Cycle Information is Basis for Following Cycle
- 7: LIFECYCLE
Drawings are used for many purposes during the life cycle of a facility, from conception to completion of construction, through facility maintenance to demolition and then return to the natural site. Often information in one cycle is the basis for the next cycle. Therefore, it is critical that the information is
 accurate and organized in a way that facilitates
 easy retrieval and reuse.
Information must
be Accurate &
Organized
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Information must
be Easy to
Retrieve & Reuse
NCS BACKGROUND & CONCEPTS **
LIFECYCLE DEFINITION

7. PROJECT CYCLE Many types of users use drawings over the Project Cycle
In addition, not only are drawings used for different reasons over the lifecycle of a facility, but they’re also used by a wide variety of users.
 The NCS meets the requirements of different users of drawings at progressive stages of the project cycle.
NCS meets the needs of different users
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NCS BACKGROUND & CONCEPTS **
PROJECT CYCLE DEFINITION

8. WHAT IS
THE NCS?
Interrelated tools, guidelines and standards for drawings
Specifies Graphic Organization
-9: WHAT IS THE NCS?
The National CAD Standard™ is a group of related standards, guidelines, and tools to help you organize and present facility drawing information.
 Used for: planning, design, and construction and operation of facilities.
 Just as MasterFormat™ , SectionFormat™ and PageFormat™ help you organize text in specifications, the NCS helps you organize graphical information in drawings.
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MasterFormat™, PageFormat™ and SectionFormat™ organize specs; NCS organizes drawings
NCS BACKGROUND & CONCEPTS **
NATIONAL CAD STANDARD™ CONCEPTS

9. TRI- SERVICES NIBS AIA CSI
CAD Layer Guidelines
Tri-Service Plotting Guidelines
UDS- Uniform Drawing System
(8 Modules)
Introduction and Appendices
Administers the NCS Development
Public/ Private Institution
-10: AIA, CSI, NIBS, TRI-SERVICES
There are four major organizations—and hundreds of people—involved in the development of the NCS. The first, in alphabetical order, is the AIA. The AIA produces the CAD Layer Guidelines, which we will discuss this evening.
 The second organization is, of course, CSI. We produced the Uniform Drawing System (UDS).
 The next organization is the National Institute of Building Sciences, affectionately known as NIBS. NIBS wrote the introduction, and is responsible for the administration and development of the standard. Some Background on NIBS- They were established by Congress in 1974 to interface between government and the private sector. Funded with both public and private money, NIBS brings together members of regulatory agencies, legislators, and the private sector in the interest of improving the built environment. Located in Washington, DC, NIBS is the authoritative source of advice on building science and technology.
 Finally the Tri-Services (Armed Forces) published the Tri-Services Plotting Guidelines.
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NCS BACKGROUND & CONCEPTS **
PARTICIPATING ORGANIZATIONS

10. CSI, AIA, NIBS Memorandum of Agreement (MOA)
July 2004
NCS Version 3.0
AIA CAD Layer Guidelines: U.S. NCS V3.0
Miscellaneous changes to CSI UDS Modules 01-08
NIBS Introduction and Amendments
Purchase included free upgrade to NCS Version 3.1
1998
CAD Council changes to
NIBS Facility Information Council (FIC)
August 2003
CSI, AIA, NIBS Memorandum of Agreement (MOA)
Formalizes Relationship
Authorizes NIBS to License CAD Vendors to Integrate NCS into Software
January 2005
NCS Version 3.1
Includes all the changes in NCS V3.0
PDF document on CD ROM with search/find
Includes MasterFormat™ 2004 updates
Will facilitate multi-user licenses
2001
NCS Version 2.0
CSI UDS Modules 01-08
AIA CAD Layer Guidelines: U.S. NCS V2.0
Tri-Services Plotting Guidelines
NIBS Introduction and Amendments
July 1999
NCS Version 1.0
CSI UDS Modules
AIA CAD Layer Guidelines 2nd Edition
Tri-Services Plotting Guidelines
NIBS Introduction and Amendments
TIMELINE
1998: NIBS Facility Information Council
Jul 1999: NCS Version 1.0
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
-11 TIMELINE
 1998: CAD Council changes to NIBS Facility Information Council (FIC)
 July 1999: NCS Version 1.0
CSI UDS Modules
AIA CAD Layer Guidelines 2nd Edition
Tri-Services Plotting Guidelines
NIBS Introduction and Amendments
 February 2001: NCS Version 2.0
CSI UDS Modules 01-08
AIA CAD Layer Guidelines: U.S. NCS V2.0
Tri-Services Plotting Guidelines, NIBS Introduction and Amendments
August 2003: Memorandum of Agreement (MOA)
Agreement between CSI, AIA, and NIBS authorizes NIBS to license software developers to include NCS within software applications
 July 2004: NCS Version 3.0
AIA CAD Layer Guidelines: U.S. NCS V3.0
Miscellaneous changes to CSI UDS Modules 01-08
Purchase included free upgrade to NCS Version 3.1
 January 2005: NCS Version 3.1
Includes all the changes in NCS V3.0
PDF document on CD ROM with search/find
Includes MasterFormat™ 2004 updates
Will facilitate multi-user licenses
Feb 2001: NCS Version 2.0
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Aug 2003: CSI, NIBS, AIA- MOA
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Jul 2004: NCS Version 3.0
Jan 2005: NCS Version 3.1
NCS BACKGROUND & CONCEPTS **
NCS TIMELINE

11. National CAD Standard COMPONENTS United States Version 3.1
A Consensus Standard Incorporating Industry Publications
 12: COMPONENTS
(This slide has no script)
COMPONENTS
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12. AIA CAD LAYER GUIDELINES AA - AAAA - AAAA - X
Discipline Designators (mandatory)
AA - AAAA - AAAA - X
Major Group (mandatory)
 13: AIA LAYER GUIDELINES
The CAD Layer Guidelines provide a uniform standard for naming CAD layers; as with all of the principles in the NCS, adopting the CAD Layer guidelines will increase inter-office efficiency, and streamline delivery.
Each layer is named using four components-
 Discipline Designators,
 Major Group Designators,
 Minor Group Designators, and
 Status
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AIA CAD
LAYER
GUIDELINES
AA - AAAA - AAAA - X
One or Two Minor Groups (optional)
AA - AAAA - AAAA - X
Status (optional)
NCS: AIA CAD LAYER GUIDELINES **
AIA CAD LAYER GUIDELINES OVERVIEW

13. DISCIPLINE DESIGNATORS AI Architectural Interiors
LEVEL 1 (MANDATORY)
LEVEL 2 (OPTIONAL)
G General
H Hazardous Materials
V Survey / Mapping
B Geotechnical
W Civil Works
C Civil
L Landscape
S Structural
A Architectural
I Interiors
Q Equipment
F Fire Protection
P Plumbing
D Process
M Mechanical
E Electrical
T Telecommunications
R Resource
X Other Disciplines
Z Contractor/Shop Drawings
O Operations
AI Architectural
Interiors
AS Architectural Site
AD Architectural
Demolition
CG Civil Grading
CP Civil Paving
SF Structural Framing
DP Process Piping
EL Electrical Lighting
One or Two Alpha Characters
Mandatory
Coordinated With Drawing Set Organization
 14: DISCIPLINE DESIGNATORS
Here we see a list of Level 1 and Level 2 Discipline Designators. The level two, or second alpha character, is optional. However, it is recommended that you consistently use either one or two characters on each project- consistently.
These are mandatory.
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NCS: AIA CAD LAYER GUIDELINES **
DISCIPLINE DESIGNATORS

14. DESIGNATORS MAJOR GROUP Major Building Systems WALL Walls
DOOR Doors
LITE Lighting Fixtures
FIXT Plumbing Fixtures
Identifies: Major Building Systems or
Drawing Views,
or,
Annotations.
Mandatory
Coordinated With Drawing Set Organization
User-defined Major Groups are NOT Permitted
 15: MAJOR GROUP
Identifies: Major Building Systems, or a Drawing View (if the layers are organized by view, rather than system), or by Annotations.
This level is mandatory, and cannot be user-defined.
Drawing Views (for Layers organized by drawing type)
SECT Sections
ELEV Elevations
DETL Details
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Annotations
ANNO Annotations
NCS: AIA CAD LAYER GUIDELINES **
MAJOR GROUP DESIGNATORS

15. DESIGNATORS MINOR GROUP Differentiates a Major Group FULL Full Height
One or Two Sets of Four Characters
Optional
May be User-Defined: A-Z, 0-9, ~
FULL Full Height
PART Partial
IDEN Identification
PATT Pattern
 16: MINOR GROUP
The optional Minor Group Designators differentiate a Major Group, and can be user-defined. Common Minor Groups are listed in the NCS. User-defined can be any alpha-numeric character or a tilda (~).
FREE-AGENT RULE:
Please note that the Layer Lists shown for each discipline are the "prescribed" layer lists.  However, as part of the NCS V2 ballot process, the Project Committee approved what we call "the free agent rule," which is documented on page CLG-8 of NCS V3.  The free agent rule essentially says that a Major Group abbreviation may be combined with any discipline designator to create a layer name, provided that the definition of the abbreviation remains unchanged, and the resulting layer name makes sense.  Similarly, any Minor Group abbreviation may be combined with any Major Group abbreviation to create a layer name, with the same caveats.
Essentially, the V2 Project Committee recognized that it was impossible to anticipate all possible layer names that a user might need, and that we should encourage the use of approved four-character abbreviations and their definitions by other disciplines.  Otherwise, each discipline might craft its own Layer List with similar (but different) abbreviations and definitions.
So even though a particular Major Group abbreviation such as "WALL" might not appear on the prescribed Layer List for a particular discipline such as "I" for Interiors, the layer name "I-WALL" is a valid NCS layer name.
Note, however, that the free agent rule does not permit Major Group abbreviations to be used as Minor Group abbreviations and vice versa, except in those cases where they already exist in both categories on a prescribed Layer List.
NCS V3.1 includes an appendix of all Major Group abbreviations (across all disciplines) in alphabetical order, to help facilitate implementation of the free agent rule and the use of approved four-character abbreviations and their definitions.  Ditto for the Minor Group abbreviations.  This will also allow Project Committee members who wish to submit new prescribed Layer Names or Layer Lists to check their proposed submissions against existing abbreviations and definitions to avoid duplicate use.
NEW
User-defined Minor Group field codes: Four character, alphanumeric and/or “~”
Process Layers may be defined by individual systems or groups of systems
Expanded Landscape Layer List
New Major and Minor Groups added to Equipment, Mechanical, and Interior Layer lists
Equipment Layer added to the Fire Protection Layer List
Two character Discipline Designator
Second optional Minor Group
Expanded Drawing View Layer List
Commentary on ISO layer format compliance
Annotation Minor Groups
Free agent rules that allow:
Major Group abbreviation to be combined with any Discipline Designator
Minor Group abbreviation to be combined with any Major Group
Previous Version 2.0 CAD Layer Guidelines amendments added new discipline designators for:
Survey/mapping & Geotechnical
Civil Works
Process
Operations
Survey/Mapping
Civil
Structural
Mechanical
Plumbing
Telecommunications
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NCS: AIA CAD LAYER GUIDELINES **
MINOR GROUP DESIGNATORS

16. STATUS FIELD DESIGNATORS
Differentiates Construction Phase or Type
Optional
N New work
E Existing to remain
D Existing to demolish
F Future work
T Temporary work
M Items to be moved
X Not in contract
1-9 Phase numbers
 17: STATUS FIELD
The Status Field indicates when the construction is going to take place, or the phase of the work. It is optional.
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NCS: AIA CAD LAYER GUIDELINES **
STATUS FIELD DESIGNATORS

17. Layer Name Examples: EXAMPLES C-BORE [Test Borings]
Know How to Flexible
C-BORE [Test Borings]
L-SITE-PLAY [Site Improvements:
Play Structures]
A-FLOR-TPTN [Floor: Toilet Partitions]
Q-CASE-UPPR [Casework: Upper Cabinets]
D-PGAS-H2 [Gas: Hydrogen – System]
E-LITE-CIRC-EMER [Lighting Circuits:
Emergency]
M-FUME-E [Fume Hood: Existing to
Remain]
 18: LAYER NAME EXAMPLES
Here are a few examples of layer names. This list is, by no means, exhaustive.
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NCS: AIA CAD LAYER GUIDELINES **
LAYER NAME EXAMPLES

18. VERSION 3.1 IMPROVEMENTS "Free Agent" Rule
Two-Character Discipline Designator
Greatly Expanded Layers Lists
ISO Compliance Commentary
Updated for MasterFormat™ 2004
 19: VERSION 3.1 IMPROVEMENTS
"Free Agent" Rule
Two-Character Discipline Designator
Greatly Expanded Layers Lists
ISO Compliance Commentary
Updated for MasterFormat™ 2004
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NCS: AIA CAD LAYER GUIDELINES **
VERSION 3.1 IMPROVEMENTS

19. CSI’S UDS: UNIFORM DRAWING SYSTEM
The CAD Layer Guidelines act as a sister component to CSI’s Uniform Drawing System (UDS).
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NCS: CSI’S UNIFORM DRAWING SYSTEM (UDS) **
UNIFORM DRAWING SYSTEM COMPONENT OF NCS

20. DRAWING SET ORGANIZATION
MODULE 1
 21: MODULE 1
The first module is “Drawing Set Organization”
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DRAWING SET ORGANIZATION
NCS: CSI’S UNIFORM DRAWING SYSTEM (UDS) **
DRAWING SET ORGANIZATION: MODULE 1

21. DISCIPLINE HIERARCHY O - OPERATIONS Z - CONTRACTOR/SHOP DRAWINGS
X - OTHER DISCIPLINES
Organize Sheets as Illustrated
Some, All, or More Categories may Apply
R - RESOURCE
T - TELECOMMUNICATIONS
E - ELECTRICAL
M - MECHANICAL
D - PROCESS
P - PLUMBING
 22: DISCIPLINE HEIRARCHY
Each project varies in complexity. The Drawing Set Organization Module organizes the most common drawing sets into a hierarchy- so you know where to find each of them, consistently during the review and construction phases.
Following the cover sheet, sheets should be organized into subsets in the order illustrated. All of the subsets may not apply, or more specific additional categories may be required, depending on the size, scope, and complexity of the project.
This slide illustrates the order of design disciplines within a set of drawings in the conventional drawing set order.
The first module is Drawing Set Organization which provides:
- a consistent environment for producing and viewing construction drawings
- organization of graphical information for multiple design and construction disciplines
- an order for displaying information for review and construction.
As the slide indicates the objective of the module is to provide a standardized method for organizing graphic information in drawing sets.
MODULE 1
Objective of the Drawing Set Organization Module:
To provide a standardized method for organizing graphic information in drawing sets
The Drawing Set Organization Module Provides:
A consistent environment for producing and viewing construction drawings
Organized graphics for multiple design and construction disciplines
An order for displaying information in a logical sequence for review and construction
The order of the conventional method of organizing drawings tells the reader about the proposed facility as the building comes out of the ground.
F - FIRE PROTECTION
Q - EQUIPMENT
I - INTERIORS
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A - ARCHITECTURAL
S - STRUCTURAL
L - LANDSCAPE
C – CIVIL
W – CIVIL WORKS
B – GEOTECHNICAL
V – SURVEY/MAPPING
H – HAZ MATERIALS
LIST OF
SHEETS
G - GENERAL
NCS: CSI’S UNIFORM DRAWING SYSTEM (UDS) **
DRAWING SET HIERARCHY

22. A(A) - NNN AA - NNN STANDARD SHEET IDENTIFICATION A = Alphabetical
character
N = Numerical
Level 2 Discipline Designator Optional
Hyphen Must Follow Discipline Designator
 23: STANDARD SHEET IDENTIFICATION
One of the objectives of the Drawing Set Organization Module is to standardize the sheet identification. This is accomplished with the sheet identification format shown here. It has three components.
A(A) - NNN
Discipline Designators (Levels 1 & 2)
AA - NNN
Sheet Type Designator
Sheet Sequence Number
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NCS: CSI’S UNIFORM DRAWING SYSTEM (UDS) **
SHEET IDENTIFICATION

23. A - NNN A A - NNN DISCIPLINE DESIGNATORS Level 2 Modifies
Level 2 Optional
Hyphen Must Follow Discipline Designators
G General
H Hazardous Materials
V Survey/ Mapping
B Geotechnical
W Civil Works
C Civil
L Landscape
S Structural
A Architectural
I Interiors
Q Equipment
F Fire Protection
P Plumbing
D Process
M Mechanical
E Electrical
T Telecommunications
R Resource
X Other Disciplines
Z Contractor/ Shop Drawings
O Operations
 24: DISCIPLINE DESIGNATORS
The first component of the sheet identification format, the Discipline Designator, is based on the traditional system of alphabetized Discipline Designators, using either a single alphabetical character with a hyphen (level 1) or two alphabetical characters (level 2)
For example, C for Civil, S for structural.
Some exceptions to this are Q for Equipment, X for Other Disciplines and Z for Contractor/Shop Drawings.
The Level 1 Discipline Designator can be further modified with an additional character for more complex projects. AS for architectural site or AI for architectural interiors. This system can be used for both simple and complex projects, simply by adding a second designator.
Designator Description Content
AS Architectural Site Site plan
CD Civil Demolition Protection and removal
QL Laboratory Equipment Science labs, planetariums
FX Fire Suppression Fire extinguishing systems
EP Electrical Power Power systems
EL Electrical Lighting Electrical lighting systems
TT Telephone Telephone systems
If a modifier is not used, a hyphen will be used as a place holder.
Within the discipline designator, the first character is the discipline character and the second is the modifier character. The discipline designator identifies the creator of the drawings on the sheet. The modifier character is used to further subdivide the information for a specific use or purpose, such as project complexity, licensing requirements, internal structure of design firms, or need for specialization in intricate fields
A A - NNN
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AS Architectural Site
CD Civil Demolition
QL Laboratory Equipment
FX Fire Suppression
EP Electrical Power
EL Electrical Lighting
TT Telephone
NCS: CSI’S UNIFORM DRAWING SYSTEM (UDS) **
DISCIPLINE DESIGNATORS

24. AA – N NN AA – N NN SHEET TYPE & SEQUENCE SHEET TYPE SEQUENCE
DESIGNATORS
AA – N NN
SHEET TYPE
0 General (symbols
legend, notes, etc.)
1 Plans (horizontal)
2 Elevations (vertical)
3 Sections (sectional,]
wall & stair)
4 Large Scale Views
5 Details
6 Schedules and Diagrams
*User-Defined Sheet Type Designators May NOT Fall in Another Category
Always Include 2-digit Sequence Designator
Do NOT use “00”
7 User Defined*
8 User Defined*
9 3D Representations
(isometrics,
perspectives,
photographs)
 25: SHEET TYPE AND SEQUENCE DESIGNATORS (15 min)
The second component of the Sheet Identification Format is the Sheet Type Designator. The Sheet Type is identified by a single numerical character. All sheet types may not apply to all discipline designators. It is not necessary to use all the Sheet Types for a project, or within a discipline.
The use of Sheet Type Designators does not preclude combining different types of drawings on the same sheet for simplicity. For instance, it is acceptable to: Place profile drawings on sanitary sewer or Road Sheets. OK to place same scale sections on the same sheet as large-scale plans of stairs and escalators. OK to place schedules on a plan sheet when the information is closely associated.
IMPORTANT: When the type of drawings are mixed, clearly identify all of the drawings contained on the sheet in the Sheet Title Block.
The third component of the sheet identification format is a two-digit Sheet Sequence Number. The first sheet of each series is numbered “01,” followed by “02-99.” “00” is not permitted.
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AA – N NN
SEQUENCE
01-99
NCS: CSI’S UNIFORM DRAWING SYSTEM (UDS) **
SHEET TYPE ND SEQUENCE DESIGNATORS

25. SAMPLE DRAWING Sheet Sheet Title DESIGNATORS G - 001 Title Sheet
C Notes and Symbols
S Foundation Plan
A Floor Plan
A Exterior Elevations
A Wall Sections
A Door and Frame Schedule
P Plumbing Site Plan
P Plumbing Riser Diagram
M HVAC Plan
E Power Plan
E Lighting Plan
E Electrical Details
 26: SHEET NAME EXAMPLES
Even if your project may not require more than one digit, it is recommended that you use two digits for efficient electronic file and facility management databases.
On plan sheets, it may be desirable to replicate the floor name within each discipline. This makes sheets A-102, M-102, and E-102 the Second Floor Plan for each of the various disciplines.
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NCS: CSI’S UNIFORM DRAWING SYSTEM (UDS) **
SHEET NAME EXAMPLES

26. SAMPLE DRAWING Sheet Sheet Title DESIGNATORS
CD-101 Site Demolition Plan
CG-101 Grading Plan
LI-101 Landscape Irrigation Plan
SF-101 Roof Framing Plan
SF-501 Framing Details
AS-101 Architectural Site Plan
AG-101 Signage Plan
IN-601 Interior Finish Schedules
ES-101 Electrical Site Plan
EP-101 Electrical Power Plan
EL-101 Electrical Lighting Plan
TI-101 Intercom Plan
Hyphen Must Follow Level-2 Discipline Designator (NEW)
 27: SAMPLE DRAWING DESIGNATORS
These slides illustrate examples of sheets with Level 1 designators in the order in which they would appear in the drawing set.
The discipline designator, 1 or 2 alphabetical characters
The sheet type designator, 1 numerical character
The sheet sequence number, 2 numerical characters.
NEW in Version 3.1: Hyphen Must Follow Level 2 Discipline Designator
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NCS: CSI’S UNIFORM DRAWING SYSTEM (UDS) **
SHEET NAME EXAMPLES

27. MF 2004 COORDINATION NCS 3.1 Coordinated with MasterFormat™ 2004
NCS 3.1 is now coordinated with MasterFormat™ numbers and titles.
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NCS: CSI’S UNIFORM DRAWING SYSTEM (UDS) **
NCS AND MASTERFORMAT™ 2004

28. MODULE 2 SHEET ORGANIZATION
The Sheet Organization Module sets up guidelines for consistent and systematic presentation of drawings, organized on sheets. It provides a consistent sheet format, A location system for drawings on a sheet, and Guidelines for management, notation, and title block information.
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SHEET ORGANIZATION
NCS: CSI’S UNIFORM DRAWING SYSTEM (UDS) **
SHEET ORGANIZATION: MODULE 2

29. COMMON SHEET SIZES MARK SIZE mm (in) TYPICAL USES
A x 279 (8.5 x 11) Project book; supplemental
drawings; mock-up sheets.
B x 432 (11 x 17) Supplemental drawings;
mock-up sheets.
C x 559 (17 x 22) Small projects in preferred
plan scale.
D x 864 (22 x 34) Projects in preferred plan
scale; government projects.
E x 1118 (34 x 44) Large projects in preferred
plan scale; mapping & GIS.
NOT SHOWN:
A0-A4, A-F
 30: COMMON SHEET SIZES
I’m sure you all recognize some of these, and their common usages.
MARK SIZE mm (in) TYPICAL USES
A x 279 (8.5 x 11) Project book; supplemental drawings; mock-up sheets.
B x 432 (11 x 17) Supplemental drawings; mock-up sheets.
C x 559 (17 x 22) Small projects in preferred plan scale.
D x 864 (22 x 34) Projects in preferred plan scale; government projects.
E x 1118 (34 x 44) Large projects in preferred plan scale; mapping & GIS.
A x 1188 (33.1 x 46.8)Same.
A1 594 x 841 (23.4 x 33.1) Projects in preferred plan scale. Government projects.
A2 420 x 594 (16.5 x 23.4) Small projects in preferredplan scale.
A3 297 x 420 (11.7 x 16.5) Reduced drawings; supplemental drawings; mock-up sheets.
A4 210 x 297 (8.3 x 11.7) Project book; supplemental drawings; mock-up sheets.
A x 305 (9 x 12) Project book; supplemental drawings; mock-up sheets.
B x 457 (12x 18) Supplemental drawings; mock-up sheets.
D x 914 (24 x 36) Projects in preferred plan scale; government projects.
E x 1219 (36 x 48) Large projects in preferred plan scale; mapping and GIS.
F x 1067 (30 x 42) Alternate size for projects in preferred plan scale.
© All rights reserved, including World rights & Electronic rights. U.S. copyright held by The Construction Specifications Institute. v07Mar05a
NCS: CSI’S UNIFORM DRAWING SYSTEM (UDS) **
COMMON SHEET SIZES

30. SHEET LAYOUT Production Data Area Drawing Area Title Block Area
Let’s talk about Sheet Layout for a moment This slide illustrates the 3 main areas of the drawing sheet:
 The Production Data Area,
 The Drawing Area and
 The Title Block Area.
The Drawing and Title Block Areas are required; the Production Data Area is optional.
© All rights reserved, including World rights & Electronic rights. U.S. copyright held by The Construction Specifications Institute. v07Mar05a
NCS: CSI’S UNIFORM DRAWING SYSTEM (UDS) **
SHEET LAYOUT AREAS

31. DATA AREA PRODUCTION Production Information: Production block
File path
Sheet file name
Default settings
Pen assignments
Printer/ plotter
commands
Overlay drafting
control data
Reference file (s)
Layers plotted
Production hours
Scanning scale block
 32: PRODUCTION DATA AREA
The Production Data Area contains information about the Sheet production, such as:
Production block
File path
Sheet file name
Default settings
Pen assignments
Printer/ plotter commands
Overlay drafting control data
Reference file (s)
Layers plotted
Production hours
Scanning scale block
It is optional
© All rights reserved, including World rights & Electronic rights. U.S. copyright held by The Construction Specifications Institute. v07Mar05a
NCS: CSI’S UNIFORM DRAWING SYSTEM (UDS) **
PRODUCTION DATA AREA

32. DRAWING AREA DRAWING AREA Contains: Keynotes Key plans Schedules
Other graphic Information
 33: DRAWING AREA
The Drawing Area is that portion of the sheet containing drawings, keynotes, key plans, schedules, and other graphic and text data necessary to illustrate the work.
DRAWING AREA
© All rights reserved, including World rights & Electronic rights. U.S. copyright held by The Construction Specifications Institute. v07Mar05a
NCS: CSI’S UNIFORM DRAWING SYSTEM (UDS) **
DRAWING AREA

33. DRAWING AREA 1 2 3 4 5 A B C D A B C D 1 2 3 4 5 Divided into Modules
Columns are Numbers
Rows are Letters 1 2 3 4 5 A B C D A B C D
 34: DRAWING AREA
The Drawing Area is subdivided into user defined modules arranged into rows and columns which are identified by letters and numbers
© All rights reserved, including World rights & Electronic rights. U.S. copyright held by The Construction Specifications Institute. v07Mar05a 1 2 3 4 5
NCS: CSI’S UNIFORM DRAWING SYSTEM (UDS) **
DRAWING AREA GRID

34. DRAWING AREA 1 2 3 4 5 A B C D A B C D MODULE ** 1 2 3 4 5
Modules Identified by Letter & Number
A Drawing May Comprise Several Modules
Use Module Coordinates for ID 1 2 3 4 5 A B C D A B C D
 35: DRAWING AREA
The grid coordinate system is used as an address system for locating drawings on the sheet. A1 is always in the lower left hand corner of the sheet. Each module is identified by a letter and a number. A drawing may comprise one or more drawing modules.
© All rights reserved, including World rights & Electronic rights. U.S. copyright held by The Construction Specifications Institute. v07Mar05a
MODULE ** 1 2 3 4 5
NCS: CSI’S UNIFORM DRAWING SYSTEM (UDS) **
DRAWING AREA GRID MODULE

35. DRAWING AREA Drawing Number as Determined by Coordinate
GRID
XXXX
Drawing Number as Determined by Coordinate
XXX XX XX
XXXXX
 36: DRAWING AREA
Finding detail information has always been a challenge for the user -designer, supplier, contractor and owner- because of the lack of uniformity. For the builder and sub-contractors, the NCS system will make locating information faster. Module identification is established by the coordinates for the lower left hand corner of the module XX
XXXX
XXXX XXX
XXXXX
© All rights reserved, including World rights & Electronic rights. U.S. copyright held by The Construction Specifications Institute. v07Mar05a
XXX
XXXXXXXX XXXX XXXXXX C4
X:X
NCS: CSI’S UNIFORM DRAWING SYSTEM (UDS) **
DRAWING NUMBER

36. AREA TITLE BLOCK Contains: Designer Project Issue Block
Client/ Management
Sheet Title
Sheet ID Information
 37: TITLE BLOCK AREA
Another significant area of sheet information is located in the Title Block Area. It is always on the right side of the sheet and contains 6 blocks for project information consisting of:
Designer identification block,
Project identification block,
Issue date block,
Management block,
Sheet title block, and
Sheet identification block.
© All rights reserved, including World rights & Electronic rights. U.S. copyright held by The Construction Specifications Institute. v07Mar05a
NCS: CSI’S UNIFORM DRAWING SYSTEM (UDS) **
TITLE BLOCK AREA

37. AREA TITLE BLOCK Horizontal Text Format: Vertical Text Format
 38: TITLE BLOCK AREA
There are two standard formats for the title block- Horizontal and Vertical. The Horizontal Text Format is more commonly used, and is the preferred format. This format allows titles to be read easily on hard copy drawings whether the drawings are in use, or stored in rolls, or stored in flat files.
In either the Horizontal or Vertical text formats, the sheet identification block is always oriented horizontally.
DESIGNER IDENTIFICATION BLOCK
PROJECT IDENTIFICATION BLOCK
ISSUE BLOCK
MANAGEMENT BLOCK
SHEET TITLE BLOCK
SHEET IDENTIFICATION BLOCK
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Vertical Text Format
NCS: CSI’S UNIFORM DRAWING SYSTEM (UDS) **
TITLE BLOCK TEXT ALIGNMENT

38. DESIGNER ID BLOCK Contains: Name Address Telephone & Fax
Contains this information.
Telephone & Fax
© All rights reserved, including World rights & Electronic rights. U.S. copyright held by The Construction Specifications Institute. v07Mar05a
address
Consultants
Professional Seals
NCS: CSI’S UNIFORM DRAWING SYSTEM (UDS) **
DESIGNER BLOCK COMPONENTS

39. PROJECT ID BLOCK Contains: Project name Project address
Building / facility name
Construction phase sequence
Project logo
 40: PROJECT ID BLOCK
Sits under the Designer Identification Block, and contains this information.
© All rights reserved, including World rights & Electronic rights. U.S. copyright held by The Construction Specifications Institute. v07Mar05a
NCS: CSI’S UNIFORM DRAWING SYSTEM (UDS) **
PROJECT ID BLOCK COMPONENTS

40. ISSUE BLOCK Contains: Phase Issue Dates Addendum issue dates
Clarification dates
Revision issue dates
 41: ISSUE BLOCK
Contains all of the Dates of issue.
© All rights reserved, including World rights & Electronic rights. U.S. copyright held by The Construction Specifications Institute. v07Mar05a
NCS: CSI’S UNIFORM DRAWING SYSTEM (UDS) **
ISSUE BLOCK COMPONENTS

41. BLOCK MANAGEMENT Contains: Drawing Preparer’s Project Number
CAD Drawing File Number
Drawn by
Checked by
Copyright
Always Horizontal, Regardless of Text Format.
 42: MANAGEMENT BLOCK
Contains drawn by, copyright, etc information. This block is ALWAYS horizontal.
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NCS: CSI’S UNIFORM DRAWING SYSTEM (UDS) **
MANAGEMENT BLOCK COMPONENTS

42. BLOCKS SHEET TITLE SHEET ID
Always Horizontal, Regardless of Text Format
 43: SHEET TITLE & SHEET IDENTIFICATION BLOCKS
Always Horizontal, regardless of title block orientation.
© All rights reserved, including World rights & Electronic rights. U.S. copyright held by The Construction Specifications Institute. v07Mar05a
NCS: CSI’S UNIFORM DRAWING SYSTEM (UDS) **
SHEET TITLE AND SHEET ID BLOCKS

43. MODULE 3 SCHEDULES NCS: CSI’S UNIFORM DRAWING SYSTEM (UDS) **
ROOM FINISH SCHEDULE
ROOM
NAME
ROOM #
FLOOR BASE WALL CEILING NOTES
 44: MODULE 3: SCHEDULES
(This slide has no script)
ENTRY VCT RUBBER PAINT SAP
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OFFICE CPT RUBBER PAINT SAP
SCHEDULES
NCS: CSI’S UNIFORM DRAWING SYSTEM (UDS) **
SCHEDULES: MODULE 3

44. SCHEDULES HEADING MARK ITEM DESCRIPTION FEATURE Objectives:
Consistency
Systematic Approach
Contains 4 Parts:
Subject Title (Heading)
Column ID Item (Mark)
Description
Distinguishable Feature
MARK ITEM DESCRIPTION FEATURE
HEADING
 45: SCHEDULES
In its simplest form, a schedule consists of four parts - a subject title (heading), a column identifying an item (mark), a column for the description of an item (item description), and a column for indicating some notable characteristic (distinguishing feature).
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NCS: CSI’S UNIFORM DRAWING SYSTEM (UDS) **
SCHEDULES COMPONENTS

45. SCHEDULES HEADING MARK ITEM FEATURE NOTES 1 Notes Legend: 1 Note A
May Also Include Notes
Including Notes Legend Saves Schedule Space
HEADING
MARK ITEM FEATURE NOTES
 46: SCHEDULES
Schedules also often include notes. The notes column is a special type of distinguishing feature column used to locate special remarks about items in the schedule that do not necessarily warrant their own separate column identifier.
A note may be written as a sentence. However, the advantage of using a key letter or number in the notes column is the reduction in column width. 1
© All rights reserved, including World rights & Electronic rights. U.S. copyright held by The Construction Specifications Institute. v07Mar05a
Notes Legend:
1 Note A
2 Note B
3 Note C
NCS: CSI’S UNIFORM DRAWING SYSTEM (UDS) **
SCHEDULES NOTES

46. TIERS ROOM FINISH SCHEDULE PLUMBING FIXTURE SCHEDULE
Simple, Single-Tier
Sub-Columns:
Double-Tier
Heading
Column ID
Column Sub-ID
Row ID
Description Cell
ROOM FINISH SCHEDULE
ROOM NO
ROOM
NAME
FLOOR BASE WALL CEILING NOTES
ENTRY VCT RUBBER PAINT SAP
OFFICE CPT RUBBER PAINT SAP
 47: TIERS
Some of the things that should be considered when preparing schedules:
consistent terms and abbreviations
short column titles
size to fit drawing module size
A simple schedule can present distinguishing features using a single-tier column identifier. This example illustrates a simple room finish schedule with single tier column identifiers. Just below is a two-tiered plumbing fixture schedule. Here, a second tier has been included to distinguish types of piping connections required for each plumbing fixture.
© All rights reserved, including World rights & Electronic rights. U.S. copyright held by The Construction Specifications Institute. v07Mar05a
PLUMBING FIXTURE SCHEDULE
CONNECTIONS
CW HW WASTE VENT
MARK DESCRIPTION MFR MODEL
SUPPLY
FITTING
SUPPLY
PIPE(S)
DRAIN TRAP
NOTES
NCS: CSI’S UNIFORM DRAWING SYSTEM (UDS) **
SCHEDULE TIERS

47. SCHEDULE LOCATION Schedule Locations in the Project Manual:
Depends on Project/ Client
Simple Schedules (ie Sealant) located at End of Spec Sections
Schedules Covering Multiple Sections: Locate on Drawings
OR: May be Located in MF 2004 Dedicated Section
 48: SCHEDULE LOCATION
Choice depends on specific project or client requirements.
Simple schedules like sealant schedules can be located at the end of spec sections
OR, Schedules including information for multiple spec sections may be located on the drawings.
OR may be located in the MasterFormat™ 2004 spec location dedicated to it.
© All rights reserved, including World rights & Electronic rights. U.S. copyright held by The Construction Specifications Institute. v07Mar05a
NEW in NCS version 3.1:
Schedules with products from multiple sections can now be located in project manual according to MasterFormat™ 2004 number
NCS: CSI’S UNIFORM DRAWING SYSTEM (UDS) **
SCHEDULE LOCATION

48. MODULE 04 DRAFTING CONVENTIONS
(This slide has no script)
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DRAFTING CONVENTIONS
NCS: CSI’S UNIFORM DRAWING SYSTEM (UDS) **
DRAFTING CONVENTIONS: MODULE 04

49. DRAFTING DRAFTING CONVENTIONS
Includes:
Drawing Orientation and North Arrow
Grid System
Drawing Block Format
Drafting Layout
Scale
Lines
Dimensions
 50: DRAFTING CONVENTIONS
The objective of the module is to provide a standard format for graphic and textual information for creators, readers and users of drawings.
© All rights reserved, including World rights & Electronic rights. U.S. copyright held by The Construction Specifications Institute. v07Mar05a
DRAFTING CONVENTIONS
NCS: CSI’S UNIFORM DRAWING SYSTEM (UDS) **
DRAFTING CONVENTIONS OVERVIEW

50. DRAFTING DRAFTING CONVENTIONS
Subjects Covered:
Material Indications
Cross-Ref
Symbols
Drawing Types
General
Plans
Elevations
Sections
Large Scale Views
Details
Schedules &
Diagrams
3-D Representations
Mock-Up Drawing Set
 51: DRAFTING CONVENTIONS
It covers subjects like:
Drawing Orientation and North Arrow
Grid System
Drawing Block Format
Drafting Layout
Scale
Lines
Dimensions
© All rights reserved, including World rights & Electronic rights. U.S. copyright held by The Construction Specifications Institute. v07Mar05a
DRAFTING CONVENTIONS
NCS: CSI’S UNIFORM DRAWING SYSTEM (UDS) **
DRAFTING CONVENTIONS OVERVIEW

51. ORIENTATION & NORTH ARROW
Sides of Building Parallel with Sheet Edges
Detail Orientation Same as Floor Plan
 52: ORIENTATION & NORTH ARROW
Here are some examples of recommended drafting conventions in Module 4:
Sides of building should be parallel with sheet edges
Detail orientation should be the same as the floor plan
Plan north and actual north.
© All rights reserved, including World rights & Electronic rights. U.S. copyright held by The Construction Specifications Institute. v07Mar05a
NCS: CSI’S UNIFORM DRAWING SYSTEM (UDS) **
ORIENTATION AND NORTH ARROW

52. LINE WIDTHS 1.00 Fine 0.18 1.40 Thin 0.25 2.00 Medium 0.35 Wide 0.50
Line Width in mm
Fine 0.18
1.00
Thin 0.25
1.40
 53: LINE WIDTHS
The module includes the recommended use of lines. If you have always questioned what a line on a drawing meant this module chapter will define lines for the user and reader of the drawings.
These line descriptions and widths have been coordinated with the U. S. Coast Guard’s Plotting Guidelines.
Fine Line: (0.18mm) Material indications, surface marks, hatch lines
Thin Line: (0.25mm) 3 mm (1/8”) text, dimension lines, leaders, extension lines, dotted lines, dashed lines, break lines, hidden lines, setback lines, center line, grid lines
Medium Line: (0.35mm) 4 mm (5/32”) to 10 mm (3/8”) text, object lines ,property lines, text, terminator marks, door and window elevations, schedule grid accent lines
Wide Line: (0.50mm) 6 mm (7/32”) to 10 mm (3/8”) text, edges of interior and exterior elevations, profiling, cut lines, property line, section cutting plane line
Extra-Wide Line: (0.70mm) 13 mm (1/2”) to 25 mm (1”) match lines, border, large titles, footprints, title block borders, sheet borders, schedule outlines
1.00mm: Major title underlining and separating portions of designs
1.40mm: Border sheet outlines and cover sheet line work
2.00mm: Border sheet outlines and cover sheet line work
2.00
Medium 0.35
© All rights reserved, including World rights & Electronic rights. U.S. copyright held by The Construction Specifications Institute. v07Mar05a
Wide 0.50
Extra Wide 0.70
NCS: CSI’S UNIFORM DRAWING SYSTEM (UDS) **
LINE WIDTHS

53. EXAMPLE 151 152A STORAGE STORAGE 152B 151 152 Each Door Has Unique ID
Door Number Same as Room No.
Multiple Doors Labeled with A-Z
(New NCS 3.1 Symbol)
151
152A
 54: EXAMPLE
In this example, doors have the same number as their room. Multiple doors are labeled A-Z.
STORAGE
STORAGE
152B
© All rights reserved, including World rights & Electronic rights. U.S. copyright held by The Construction Specifications Institute. v07Mar05a
151
152
NCS: CSI’S UNIFORM DRAWING SYSTEM (UDS) **
DOOR SYMBOLS

54. GRID REFERENCE REFERENCE GRID INDICATORS 3 4 5 2 1 D C B A
Vertical Grid at Top, Numbered Left-Right
Horizontal Grid on Right, Alphabetized Bottom-Top
 55: REFERENCE GRID
A common graphic on drawings, this slide illustrates the formation of column grid lines and location of grid marks on a drawing for each project to be consistently laid out . For each user - think of the general contractor - to always understand where the building grid will start.
© All rights reserved, including World rights & Electronic rights. U.S. copyright held by The Construction Specifications Institute. v07Mar05a
NCS: CSI’S UNIFORM DRAWING SYSTEM (UDS) **
REFERENCE GRID INDICATORS

55. MARKS TERMINATOR Consistent Orientation
 56: TERMINATOR MARKS
Always make sure your terminator marks are oriented consistently.
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NCS: CSI’S UNIFORM DRAWING SYSTEM (UDS) **
TERMINATOR MARKS

56. DRAWING BLOCK FORMAT Reference Grid & Dimension Area
Graphic Notation Area
Margin
Title Area
Drawing Module Lines
 57: DRAWING BLOCK FORMAT
(This slide has no script)
XXXXX XX
© All rights reserved, including World rights & Electronic rights. U.S. copyright held by The Construction Specifications Institute. v07Mar05a
XXXXX
XXX
SECTION **
X:X
NCS: CSI’S UNIFORM DRAWING SYSTEM (UDS) **
DRAWING BLOCK FORMAT

57. DRAWING BLOCK FORMAT Reference Grid & Dimension Area
Graphic Notation Area
Margin
Title Area
Drawing Module Lines
XXXX
XXX XX XX
 58: DRAWING BLOCK FORMAT
(This slide has no script)
XXXXX XX
XXXX
XXXX XXX
© All rights reserved, including World rights & Electronic rights. U.S. copyright held by The Construction Specifications Institute. v07Mar05a
XXXXX
XXX
SECTION **
X:X
NCS: CSI’S UNIFORM DRAWING SYSTEM (UDS) **
DRAWING BLOCK COMPONENTS

58. TITLE AREA Drawing Module Lines Drawing ID Drawing Number
Drawing Title
Drawing Scale
North Arrow
Graphic Scale (Optional)
 59: TITLE AREA
(This slide has no script)
© All rights reserved, including World rights & Electronic rights. U.S. copyright held by The Construction Specifications Institute. v07Mar05a
SECTION **
X:X
X X X X X
NCS: CSI’S UNIFORM DRAWING SYSTEM (UDS) **
DRAWING BLOCK TITLE AREA

59. BENEFITS Simplifies & organizes
Standardizes placement of drawing components
Standardizes placement of information for all drawings
Consistent format for all drawings
Works with all projects regardless of size
GRID
XXXX
XXX XX XX
 60: BENEFITS
(This slide has no script)
XXXXX XX
XXXX
XXXX XXX
© All rights reserved, including World rights & Electronic rights. U.S. copyright held by The Construction Specifications Institute. v07Mar05a
XXXXX
XXX
SECTION **
X:X
NCS: CSI’S UNIFORM DRAWING SYSTEM (UDS) **
BENEFITS OF NCS

60. BLOCK LOCATION FIRST DRAWING SECOND DRAWING FOURTH DRAWING
Locate Frequently- Used Drawing Block Lowest, by Title
Move Upward, to Left
 61: BLOCK LOCATION
Organize your drawings from bottom to top, right to left, starting around Module A1.
 Like so
 Like So
© All rights reserved, including World rights & Electronic rights. U.S. copyright held by The Construction Specifications Institute. v07Mar05a
FIRST DRAWING
SECOND DRAWING
FOURTH DRAWING
THIRD DRAWING
NOTE BLOCK
NCS: CSI’S UNIFORM DRAWING SYSTEM (UDS) **
BLOCK LOCATION AND ORGANIZATION

61. MODULE 5 TERMS & ABBREVIATIONS
 62: MODULE 05: TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
Objective: To provide a standard resource for construction terms and their abbreviations. It establishes standard spelling of terms and abbreviations.
© All rights reserved, including World rights & Electronic rights. U.S. copyright held by The Construction Specifications Institute. v07Mar05a
TERMS & ABBREVIATIONS
NCS: CSI’S UNIFORM DRAWING SYSTEM (UDS) **
TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS: MODULE 05

62. MODULE 5 TERMS & ABBREVIATIONS
Includes:
Preferred Terms
Standard Drawing Abbreviations
When to Use Abbreviations
Formats for Abbreviations
 63: MODULE 5
Subjects covered include:
Preferred terms
Standardizing abbreviations on drawings
Determining when to use abbreviations
Establishing formats for abbreviations
© All rights reserved, including World rights & Electronic rights. U.S. copyright held by The Construction Specifications Institute. v07Mar05a
TERMS & ABBREVIATIONS
NCS: CSI’S UNIFORM DRAWING SYSTEM (UDS) **
TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS OVERVIEW

63. MODULE 5 TERMS & ABBREVIATIONS
Provides:
Consistent Communication
Consistent Terms
Notes on Common Usage and Non-Preferred Terminology
 64: MODULE 5
These are some of the benefits of referencing the Terms and Abbreviations Section.
© All rights reserved, including World rights & Electronic rights. U.S. copyright held by The Construction Specifications Institute. v07Mar05a
TERMS & ABBREVIATIONS
NCS: CSI’S UNIFORM DRAWING SYSTEM (UDS) **
TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS OVERVIEW

64. TERM QUIZ PREFERRED Gypsum Wall Board Gypsum Wallboard Gypsum Board
Sheet Rock
Drywall
Gypsum Panel
 65: PREFERRED TERM QUIZ
What is the “preferred term” for this product?
 Gypsum Board
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NCS: CSI’S UNIFORM DRAWING SYSTEM (UDS) **
PREFERRED TERM QUIZ: NAME THIS PRODUCT

65. TERM QUIZ PREFERRED CAULK CAULKING CALK CALKING SEALANT
 66: PREFERRED TERM QUIZ
What is the “preferred term” for this product?
 Sealant. How many got it right/ wrong? How many got it right, and the NCS got it wrong? Talk to me afterward- I’ll have you fill out an application for a Task Team.
© All rights reserved, including World rights & Electronic rights. U.S. copyright held by The Construction Specifications Institute. v07Mar05a
NCS: CSI’S UNIFORM DRAWING SYSTEM (UDS) **
PREFERRED TERM QUIZ: NAME THIS PRODUCT

66. TERM QUIZ PREFERRED CONCRETE UNIT MASONRY CONCRETE MASONRY UNIT
CONCRETE BLOCK
CINDER BLOCK
CONCRETE MASONRY
 67: PREFERRED TERM QUIZ
What is the “preferred term” for this product?
 Concrete Masonry Unit.
© All rights reserved, including World rights & Electronic rights. U.S. copyright held by The Construction Specifications Institute. v07Mar05a
NCS: CSI’S UNIFORM DRAWING SYSTEM (UDS) **
PREFERRED TERM QUIZ: NAME THIS PRODUCT

67. TERM QUIZ PREFERRED GROUND FAULT CIRCUIT INTERRUPTER
GROUND FAULT INTERRUPTER
 68: PREFERRED TERM QUIZ
What is the “preferred term” for this product?
 Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter
© All rights reserved, including World rights & Electronic rights. U.S. copyright held by The Construction Specifications Institute. v07Mar05a
NCS: CSI’S UNIFORM DRAWING SYSTEM (UDS) **
PREFERRED TERM QUIZ: NAME THIS PRODUCT

68. QUIZ PREFERRED hdwr hw. Hdwr. HDW. hdw. HDW ABBREVIATION
 69: PREFERRED ABBREVIATION QUIZ
What is the preferred abbreviation for “Hardware?”
 HWD
© All rights reserved, including World rights & Electronic rights. U.S. copyright held by The Construction Specifications Institute. v07Mar05a
NCS: CSI’S UNIFORM DRAWING SYSTEM (UDS) **
PREFERRED ABBREVIATION QUIZ: “HARDWARE”

69. QUIZ PREFERRED el EL elev ELEV ELV ABBREVIATION
 70: PREFERRED ABBREVIATION QUIZ
What is the preferred abbreviation for “Elevation?”
 EL
© All rights reserved, including World rights & Electronic rights. U.S. copyright held by The Construction Specifications Institute. v07Mar05a
NCS: CSI’S UNIFORM DRAWING SYSTEM (UDS) **
PREFERRED ABBREVIATION QUIZ: “ELEVATION”

70. QUIZ PREFERRED CP CONC PVMT CPMT PCCP CONPVMT CCCP Concrete Pavement
ABBREVIATION
QUIZ CP
CONC PVMT
CPMT
PCCP
CONPVMT
CCCP
 71: PREFERRED ABBREVIATION QUIZ
What is the preferred abbreviation for “Concrete Pavement?” (Hint: It’s not the last one)
 PCCP
© All rights reserved, including World rights & Electronic rights. U.S. copyright held by The Construction Specifications Institute. v07Mar05a
Concrete Pavement
NCS: CSI’S UNIFORM DRAWING SYSTEM (UDS) **
PREFERRED ABBREVIATION QUIZ: “CONCRETE PAVEMENT”

71. If thr cn be any dbt / cnfsn abt abbrv mnng, DN’T USE.
GENERAL
RULES
Word Yes No
Elevation EL El
Gypsum Board GYP BD Gyp Bd
Equals EQ Eq
Invert Elevation INV EL INV. EL.
Catch Basin CB C.B.
Typical TYP TYP.
If thr cn be any dbt / cnfsn abt abbrv mnng, DN’T USE.
No Lower Case
No Periods
Don’t Abbreviate Words Less than 5 letters long
Avoid Abbreviations Where Possible
 72: ABBREVIATION GENERAL RULES
In Accordance With CSI’s Project Resource Manual, it is Not the Objective of the Module to Encourage the Use of Abbreviations.
Terms With Five Letters or Less Should Not Be Abbreviated, Except in Schedules. Commonly Used Terms (Such As “Equal” and “Tread” Have Been Included.
If thr cn be any dbt / cnfsn abt abbrv mnng, DN’T USE.
© All rights reserved, including World rights & Electronic rights. U.S. copyright held by The Construction Specifications Institute. v07Mar05a
NCS: CSI’S UNIFORM DRAWING SYSTEM (UDS) **
GENERAL ABBREVIATION RULES

72. MODULE 6 SYMBOLS 3 2 Includes: Symbol Classifications
Over 6,000 Graphic Symbol Representations
How Symbols are Organized D2
A-512
 73: MODULE 6: SYMBOLS
Objective: Establish and organize symbol formats used in construction drawings
Subjects covered include:
Symbol classifications
Over 1000 graphic representations for symbols
How symbols are organized 3
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NCS: CSI’S UNIFORM DRAWING SYSTEM (UDS) **
SYMBOLS: MODULE 06

73. ‘ ‘‘ +/- X # x & @ S SYMBOL TYPES Foot (feet) Inch (inches) Brick andat
Plus or
Minus
Multiply by, by
Number,
Pound
Degree(s)
Bench Mark Indicator SD
Storm Drain
EL 100
Existing Elevation
Indicator
1-3 Hour Fire Resistive Construction
Graphic Scales 3
Sheet Keynote
101
VESTIBULE
Room Identifier D2
A-512
Detail Indicator 2
Reference Grid
Indicator
Earth
Brick
Finish Wood
End Grain
Construction Lumber S 3
Three-Way Switch CB
Round Catch Basin
Disconnect Switch
ERV-1
Exhaust Roof Vent Fan
Left Single Hinged Door
Square Table
w/ Armless Chairs
General Sink
Shower Stall
Reference Symbols
Line Symbols
 74: SYMBOL TYPES
There are 6 types of symbols in the National CAD Standard™ . The first is Reference Symbols.
 Reference Symbols refer the reader to information in another area of the set of drawings. With the exception of the scale symbol itself, these symbols are scale-independent.
 Line Symbols indicate continuous objects and are either single or double lines. These symbols are also scale-independent.
 Identity Symbols indicate individual objects and are generally used in mechanical and electrical drawings. They often symbolize the object or work result without necessarily physically resembling the thing. Consequently, these symbols are scale-independent.
 Template Symbols resemble the actual objects being symbolized. These symbols are scale-dependent.
 Material Symbols graphically indicate certain materials and are used to help the reader differentiate one material from another. These symbols can be either scale-dependent or scale-independent.
 Text Symbols graphically indicate a word or words and may be used in notations on drawings. Text symbols are those symbols that are commonly found on a computer keyboard or typewriter.
For letter symbols, dimensionless numbers, mathematical symbols, and subscript symbols see 1997 ASHRAE Fundamentals Handbook.
Identity Symbols
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Template Symbols
Material Symbols
Text Symbols
NCS: CSI’S UNIFORM DRAWING SYSTEM (UDS) **
TYPES OF SYMBOLS

74. SYMBOL ORGANIZATION NEW in 3.1: Symbols Now Organized by MF2004
Symbols Sub-Organized by Type
 75: SYMBOL ORGANIZATION (45 min)
Symbols are now organized by MasterFormat™ number and type in NCS 3.1.
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NCS: CSI’S UNIFORM DRAWING SYSTEM (UDS) **
SYMBOL ORGANIZATION

75. SYMBOL QUIZ What’s this symbol mean? OR
Which one is the correct symbol?
I’ll add in the background later.
 SYMBOL QUIZ: *********
*************
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NCS: CSI’S UNIFORM DRAWING SYSTEM (UDS) **
SYMBOL QUIZ: WHICH IS THE CORRECT SYMBOL?

76. MODULE 7 NOTATIONS NCS: CSI’S UNIFORM DRAWING SYSTEM (UDS) **
(This slide has no script)
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NOTATIONS
NCS: CSI’S UNIFORM DRAWING SYSTEM (UDS) **
NOTATIONS: MODULE 07

77. MODULE 7 NOTATIONS Subjects: Notation Classifications Use of Notes
Notes Format
Notation Terminology
Linking Notations to Specifications
 77: MODULE 7
The objective of the Notations module is to improve drawing clarity by establishing notation formats used in construction drawings.
Typical subjects covered will include:
notation classifications,
use of notes,
format for notes,
notation terminology, and
linking notations to specifications.
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NOTATIONS
NCS: CSI’S UNIFORM DRAWING SYSTEM (UDS) **
NOTATIONS OVERVIEW

78. TYPES OF NOTES General Notes General [Discipline] Notes
General Sheet Notes
Reference Keywords
Sheet Keynotes
 78: TYPES OF NOTES
There are 5 types of notes:
General Notes
General [Discipline] Notes
General Sheet Notes
Reference Keywords
Sheet Keynotes
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NCS: CSI’S UNIFORM DRAWING SYSTEM (UDS) **
TYPES OF NOTES

79. GENERAL NOTES Example:
Apply Equally to All Sheets in Drawing Set
Do NOT Correspond to a Graphic Representation
Are not “Linked” to Other Drawings or Specifications
Located in G- Discipline, General Drawings Sheet Types
Example:
“ABBREVIATIONS: REFERENCED FROM VERSION 3.1 OF THE U.S. National CAD Standard™ .”
 79: GENERAL NOTES: EXAMPLE
Read screen. Apply to the entire project.
Very important to note is the benefit of using the UDS manual or CD ROM on Symbols as a reference tool. By using the UDS the designer, contractor, owner or facility manager and supplier can best understand the intent of the drawings without timely meetings to discuss each sheet of the project.
Before a project starts the owner and design team can agree to use the UDS as the standard for creating the construction documents.
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NCS: CSI’S UNIFORM DRAWING SYSTEM (UDS) **
GENERAL NOTES

80. GENERAL NOTES LOCATION O - OPERATIONS Z - CONTRACTOR/SHOP DRAWINGS
X - OTHER DISCIPLINES
R - RESOURCE
T - TELECOMMUNICATIONS
E - ELECTRICAL
Locate Within General Notes Within the G-Discipline General Sheets
M - MECHANICAL
D - PROCESS
P - PLUMBING
 80: GENERAL NOTES LOCATION
Following the cover sheet, sheets should be organized in subsets as illustrated. Look familiar?
F - FIRE PROTECTION
Q - EQUIPMENT
I - INTERIORS
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A - ARCHITECTURAL
S - STRUCTURAL
L - LANDSCAPE
C – CIVIL
W – CIVIL WORKS
B – GEOTECHNICAL
V – SURVEY/MAPPING
H – HAZ MATERIALS
G - GENERAL
NCS: CSI’S UNIFORM DRAWING SYSTEM (UDS) **
GENERAL NOTES LOCATION

81. GENERAL NOTES LOCATION Locate General Notes at Top of Note Block
GENERAL SHEET
NOTES
1. IIII II III III
2. II III II II
3. II IIIII II III
4. I II IIII III I
5. III I II IIII I
Locate General Notes at Top of Note Block
 81: GENERAL NOTES LOCATION
This slide shows the location of General Sheet Notes in the Note Block.
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NCS: CSI’S UNIFORM DRAWING SYSTEM (UDS) **
GENERAL NOTES FORMAT

82. GENERAL NOTES Example: E-001 A-001 S-001 [DISCIPLINE] NOTE:
If the discipline does not contain 0 (General) Sheet Type Designator Sheets, locate them on the first sheet of the discipline
E-101
“TOP OF STEEL ELEVATIONS INDICATED ARE BASED ON A FINISH FLOOR ELEVATION OF 100’-00” – SEE SHEET C-101 FOR ACTUAL DATUM AND BENCHMARK INFORMATION.”
E-001
Communicate Discipline-Specific Information
Do NOT Correspond to a Graphic Representation
Located in the 0 (General) Sheet Type Designator Sheets of Discipline
A-301
A-201
 82: GENERAL [DISCIPLINE] NOTES
Used to communicate discipline-specific information or instructions.
Do not correspond to a graphic representation
 Located in the 0 (General) Sheet Type Designator sheets of the discipline
A-101
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A-001
S-501
S-302
S-101
S-001
NCS: CSI’S UNIFORM DRAWING SYSTEM (UDS) **
GENERAL [DISCIPLINE] NOTES LOCATION

83. GENERAL SHEET NOTES Example:
Apply Only on One Sheet
Do NOT Correspond to a Graphic Representation
Communicate Specific Instructions
Not “linked” to Other Sheets/Spec
Located on Any Sheet in Set
Example:
“DIMENSIONS DRAWN TO PARTITION WALLS ARE TO FACE OF STUD UNLESS NOTED OTHERWISE.”
 83: GENERAL SHEET NOTES
Applies to only one sheet. May be located on any sheet. Does NOT correspond to any graphic representation. Not linked.
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NCS: CSI’S UNIFORM DRAWING SYSTEM (UDS) **
GENERAL [DISCIPLINE] NOTES OVERVIEW

84. REFERENCE
KEYNOTES
Identify & Reference Graphic Representation to Spec Sections
Located Within Graphic & Notation Area of Drawing Block
Connected to Graphic by Leader & Identifier
 84: REFERENCE KEYNOTES
(Read Screen)
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NCS: CSI’S UNIFORM DRAWING SYSTEM (UDS) **
REFERENCE KEYNOTES OVERVIEW

85. 03 20 00 . A01 03200 . A01 ( #4 BARS 400mm OC) KEYNOTES REFERENCE
Decimal Point - Separates
the Root from the suffix
Root: Use same specification number
that references item
Suffix: User defined,
single alpha character
Comprised of:
Root
Decimal Point
Suffix
 85: REFERENCE KEYNOTES
Reference are comprised of:
 The Root. This number is usually the MasterFormat™ or UniFormat number that references the item.
 The Root is now updated to reflect MasterFormat™
 Decimal Point
 Suffix: User-Defined Single Alpha Character
 Suffix Modifier: Optional, User-Defined two-digit number.
 Reference Keynote Modifier
A01
A01
Suffix Modifier
( #4 BARS 400mm OC)
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Reference Keynote Modifier
Suffix Modifier-
optional, user-
defined, two-
digit number
NEW in NCS version 3.1:
Root format coordinates with MasterFormat™ 2004
Reference Keynote Modifier: Optional text note located below the Reference Keynote , Appears only in Drawing Blocks
NCS: CSI’S UNIFORM DRAWING SYSTEM (UDS) **
REFERENCE KEYNOTES COMPONENTS

86. KEYNOTES REFERENCE REFERENCE KEYNOTES Reference KeynotesA B A
(#4 BARS)
REFERENCE KEYNOTES
DIVISION 03 - CONCRETE
A REINFORCING STEEL
B WELDED WIRE MESH
A CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE
 86: REFERENCE KEYNOTES
Here is an example of how to place Reference Keynotes in Note or Drawing Blocks.
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Reference Keynotes
in Drawing Block
Reference Keynotes
in Note Block
NCS: CSI’S UNIFORM DRAWING SYSTEM (UDS) **
REFERENCE KEYNOTES FORMAT

87. KEYNOTES REFERENCE Locate Reference Keynotes Below General Notes
GENERAL SHEET
NOTES
1. IIII II III III
2. II III II II
3. II IIIII II III
4. I II IIII III I
5. III I II IIII I
Locate Reference Keynotes Below General Notes
 87: REFERENCE KEYNOTES
Located beneath the General Notes in the Notes Block
REFERENCE
KEYNOTES
1. IIIII.I III XX
2. IIIII.I II II X
3. IIIII.I I II IIII
4. IIIII.I II IIIIII
5. IIIII.I IIII IIIX
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NCS: CSI’S UNIFORM DRAWING SYSTEM (UDS) **
REFERENC KEYNOTES FORMAT

88. SHEET KEYNOTES SHEET KEYNOTES Sheet Keynotes Sheet Keynotes
Identify & Reference Graphic Representation NOT linked to Spec Sections
Located Within Graphic & Notation Area of Drawing Block
Connected to Graphic by Leader & Hexagonal Symbol & Number
SHEET KEYNOTES 2
1. EXISTING FLOOR DRAIN
 88: SHEET KEYNOTES
Fairly self-explanatory. Mostly, what we do all day is sit around and give names to stuff- we all use. You know- job security…
2.DASHED LINE INDICATES
SOFFIT ABOVE
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Sheet Keynotes
in Drawing Block
Sheet Keynotes
in Note Block
NCS: CSI’S UNIFORM DRAWING SYSTEM (UDS) **
SHEET KEYNOTES OVERVIEW

89. SHEET KEYNOTES Locate Sheet Keynotes Below Reference Keynotes
GENERAL SHEET
NOTES
1. IIII II III III
2. II III II II
3. II IIIII II III
4. I II IIII III I
5. III I II IIII I
Locate Sheet Keynotes Below Reference Keynotes
 89: SHEET KEYNOTES
They’re located under the Reference Keynotes
REFERENCE
KEYNOTES
1. IIIII.I III XX
2. IIIII.I II II X
3. IIIII.I I II IIII
4. IIIII.I II IIIIII
5. IIIII.I IIII IIIX
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SHEET
KEYNOTES
1.III III IIII II
2.III III II II
3. III II
NCS: CSI’S UNIFORM DRAWING SYSTEM (UDS) **
SHEET KEYNOTES FORMAT

90. X X X GENERAL RULES Instead of:
“ROSEY RED BRICK BY ACME BRICK COMPANY”
Use:
“FACE BRICK”
Use Brief, Generic Language X
 90: HELPFUL HINTS
Be Brief. Use standard, SanSerif Fonts, such as Arial. Times New Roman is a Serif Font.
“Serifs” are the little nubby things on the ends of letters. Fonts like Book Antiqua, Courier New and Times New Roman have Serifs. When printed, Serif fonts often have a distinctive feel. However, they are not suited well for computer screens.
“SanSerif” means “Without Serifs.” Fonts such as Arial, Tahoma, and Verdana are examples of non-stylized, Proportional, San Serif fonts.
“Stylized” or “Non-Proportional” fonts include, Comic Sans MS, Monotype Corsiva, or any artsy or novel fonts. X
Use Capitalized, Sans serif, Proportional,
Non-stylized Fonts
G GYPSUM BOARD
G GYPSUM BOARD
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14.97
14.97
NCS: CSI’S UNIFORM DRAWING SYSTEM (UDS) **
NOTES GENERAL RULES

91. MODULE 8 CODE CONVENTIONS
(This slide has no script)
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CODE CONVENTIONS
NCS: CSI’S UNIFORM DRAWING SYSTEM (UDS) **
CODE CONVENTIONS: MODULE 08

92. MODULE 8
Graphic Conventions for Incorporating Drawings into Construction Docs
Facilitate/ Expedite Permit
Facilitate Code Research
Identify Info for Construction Docs
Identify Location of Regulatory Info
 93: MODULE 8
The whole idea behind this section is to make it easier to store, retrieve and gather information about codes. That will make the review and permit processes easier. We want to make it easier to locate code information on your drawings.
Provide standard graphic conventions for incorporation in the drawing portion of the construction documents
Facilitate and expedite the building permit (plan review process
Identify the information necessary for code research during design
Identify the type of general regulatory information that should appear in the construction documents
Identify the location of the general regulatory information in the drawing set and on specific individual sheets
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NCS: CSI’S UNIFORM DRAWING SYSTEM (UDS) **
CODE CONVENTIONS OVERVIEW

93. MODULE 8 Use as Checklist During Design/ Review
Assist Updating, Tracking, Implementing Code Decisions
Instructional Tool
Facility Management Tool During Renovation, Remodeling, or Add-on.
 94: MODULE 8
This section is handy to use to Assist Updating, Tracking, and Implementing Code-related Decisions Through the Entire Design Process.
It’s also a great Instructional Tool For Professionals And Students.
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NCS: CSI’S UNIFORM DRAWING SYSTEM (UDS) **
CODE CONVENTIONS OVERVIEW

94. 5 – Fire Protection-Passive 6 – Accessibility 7 – Energy
REGULARTORY
COMPLIANCE
Information Related to the Determination of
Regulatory Compliance Is Grouped Into 12
Categories:
Tables for Each Category Identify:
Regulatory Info to Include on Drawing
Location (Coordinated with Module 1)
Presentation Format (Text and/ or Graphic)
1 – General
2 – Site
3 – Building
4 – Life Safety-Egress
 95: REGULATORY COMPLIANCE
Also included with the subjects noted on the slide are the ADA and other regulatory requirements that need to be shown graphically on the drawings.
This module will be useful as a checklist during the design and review process and to assist in the updating, tracking and implementation of code related decisions through the design and review process.
Drawings created using the UDS can be used as a facility management tool to understand code issues when renovating or remodeling the facility after it has been built.
5 – Fire Protection-Passive
6 – Accessibility
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7 – Energy
8 – Structural
9 – Fire Protection-Active
10 – Plumbing
11 – Mechanical
12 – Electrical
NCS: CSI’S UNIFORM DRAWING SYSTEM (UDS) **
REGULATORY COMPLIANCE

95. EXAMPLE NCS: CSI’S UNIFORM DRAWING SYSTEM (UDS) **
Level 1
Designators
Level 2
2 - Site
Site-Related Design Criteria
Location on site (distances to lot lines/existing buildings)
C-1XX
CS-1XX
Graphic
Site grading/water run-off
CG-1XX
Irrigation
L-1xx
LI-1XX
Erosion control details
C-5XX
CG-5XX
Environmental impact statements PM
Text
Zoning drawings
G-0XX
GI-0XX
Category
Group
Regulatory Information
Drawing Location
Suggested
Format
 96: EXAMPLE
(This slide has no script)
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NCS: CSI’S UNIFORM DRAWING SYSTEM (UDS) **
REGULATORY COMPLIANCE EXAMPLE

96. GRAPHIC EXAMPLE Fire Area Key Plan ONE STORY BUILDING MIXED OCCUPANCY
AREA “C”
Fire Area Key Plan
ONE STORY BUILDING
MIXED OCCUPANCY
FIRE AREA “B”
1 HOUR
2 HOUR
 97: EXAMPLE
(This slide has no script)
0 HOUR ROOF/CLG
LEGEND
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1 HOUR
FIRE AREA “A”
2 HOUR
3 HOUR
4 HOUR
NCS: CSI’S UNIFORM DRAWING SYSTEM (UDS) **
REGULATORY COMPLIANCE EXAMPLE

97. PLOTTING GUIDELINES TRI-SERVICES NCS: TRI-SERVICES PLOTTING GUIDELINES
Create tables defining relationships between drawing in the display and the finished plot
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NCS: TRI-SERVICES PLOTTING GUIDELINES **
TRI-SERVICES PLOTTING GUIDELINES

98. PLOTTING GUIDELINES Allow Consistent B&W Printing from Color Files
Consistent Color Mapping
Allow CAD Vendors to Develop Color Mapping
 99: PLOTTING GUIDELINES
In the future, the plotting guidelines will:
Improve process by which plots are produced in accordance with the originator’s intentions
Expand to include colors, line types, text, and standard sheet sizes regardless of CAD application used
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NCS: TRI-SERVICES PLOTTING GUIDELINES **
PLOTTING GUIDELINES GENERAL PRINCIPLES

99. PLOTTING EXAMPLE GUIDELINES NCS: TRI-SERVICES PLOTTING GUIDELINES **
 100: EXAMPLE (done)
Here is what you’ll see in the Guidelines
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NCS: TRI-SERVICES PLOTTING GUIDELINES **
PLOTTING GUIDELINES EXAMPLE

100. OTHER INFORMATION Who’s Adopted the NCS?
Join the NCS Project Committee:
Purchase Cost: $250 member, $350 Non-Member. Bulk & Academic Discounts:
Contact: Aaron Titus, or
Rick Green, UDS Program Task Team Chair,
 101: MISC:
Adopted:
U.S. Air Force
U.S. General Services Administration
Intel
Fed X
Sandia National Laboratories
UPS
State of Utah
National Institute of Health
Requiring Compliance
Nextel Communications
General Motors
Los Alamos National Laboratories
U.S. Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVFAC)
Duke Energy Corporation
University of Indiana
Chicago Transit Authority
Using it:
Wilson & Company
HOK (Hellmuth, Obata + Kassabaum)
Jacobs Engineering Group
HDR (Hennington, Durham & Richardson)
CH2M Hill, Inc.
Raytheon Engineers and Constructors, Inc.
Little and Associates Architects
Richard Meier and Partners
RTKL Associates
Skidmore, Owings & Merrill
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