2. Early Childhood Intervention Programs.wmv

3. The Carolina Abecedarian Early Intervention Project A longitudinal study to assess the efficacy of early childhood intervention programs

4. Purpose n Potential benefits of early intervention n Children of high-risk families n Age of onset of education n Duration of intervention

5. Project Design

6. Preschool Segment

7. K-2 Segment

8. Results n Intelligence n Academic Achievement n Success in Life

9. IQ Assessment

10. Reading Scores Age 8 Age 15

11. Math Scores Age 8 Age 15

12. Life Successes

13. Related Links n The Carolina Abecedarian Project: HOME The Carolina Abecedarian Project: HOME The Carolina Abecedarian Project: HOME n Abecedarian Published Brochure Abecedarian Published Brochure Abecedarian Published Brochure n New Adult Adaptation Study New Adult Adaptation Study New Adult Adaptation Study

14. References n Campbell, F. A., Pungello, E. P., Miller-Johnson, S., Burchinal, M. & Ramey, C. T. (2001). The development of cognitive and academic abilities: Growth curves from an early childhood educational experiment. Developmental Psychology, 37, 2, 231-242. n Campbell, F. A. & Ramey, C. T. (1994). Effects of early intervention on intellectual and academic achievement: A follow-up study of children from low-income families [Electronic Version]. Child Development, 65, 684-698. n Campbell, F. A., Ramey, C. T., Pungello, E. Sparling, J., & Miller- Johnson, S. (2002). Early childhood education: Young adult outcomes from the Abecedarian Project [Electronic Version]. Applied Developmental Science, 6(1), 42-57. n Neisser, U. et al. (1995). Intelligence knowns and unknowns: Report of APA task force. American Psychologist, 51. n Ramey, C. T., Campbell, F. A., Burchinal, M., Skinner, M. L., Gardner, D. M., & Ramey, S. L. (2000). Persistent effects of early childhood education on high-risk children and their mothers [Electronic Version]. Applied Developmental Science, 4(1), 2-14.

15. Head Start A look at the short-term and long-term effects

16. Background Created in 1965 under the Johnson Administration Created in 1965 under the Johnson Administration Initially served primarily African American students from very poor backgrounds Initially served primarily African American students from very poor backgrounds Head Start now serves approx. 900,000 students nationwide Head Start now serves approx. 900,000 students nationwide It has served more than 23 million children since it began It has served more than 23 million children since it began

17. Guidelines Head Start will accept any 3- and 4-year old children that are eligible Head Start will accept any 3- and 4-year old children that are eligible Often a very long waiting listOften a very long waiting list To be eligible, families must fall under the poverty threshold. To be eligible, families must fall under the poverty threshold. For example:For example: 4 person family=$20,000 5 person family=$23,400

18. The 7 Objectives of Head Start To improve the child’s physical health and physical abilitiesTo improve the child’s physical health and physical abilities To help the emotional and social development of the childTo help the emotional and social development of the child To improve the child’s mental processes and skills;To improve the child’s mental processes and skills; To establish patterns and expectations of successTo establish patterns and expectations of success To increase the child’s capacity to relate positively to family members and others, while at the same time strengthening the family stability and capacity to relate positively to the childTo increase the child’s capacity to relate positively to family members and others, while at the same time strengthening the family stability and capacity to relate positively to the child To develop in the child and his/her family a responsible attitude toward society, and to foster constructive opportunities for society to work together with the poor in solving their problemsTo develop in the child and his/her family a responsible attitude toward society, and to foster constructive opportunities for society to work together with the poor in solving their problems To increase the sense of dignity and self-worth within the child and his/her familyTo increase the sense of dignity and self-worth within the child and his/her family

19. Short-Term Results Study by Lee, Brooks-Gunn, and Schnur (1988) Evaluated 3 groups of children: Head Start students, students who attended other preschool programs, and students who did not attend any preschool Evaluated using 4 tests: 1.Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT) 2.Caldwell Preschool Inventory (PI) 3.Motor Inhibition Test (MI) 4.Eight Block Sorting Test

20. Short-Term Results The Head Start students made the largest gain in scores in the PPVT, PI, and MI tests The Head Start students made the largest gain in scores in the PPVT, PI, and MI tests The Head Start students made the second largest gain in the Eight Block Toy Sort The Head Start students made the second largest gain in the Eight Block Toy Sort Head Start scores after 1 year were still below the 2 other groups on 3 tests, but Head Start group outscored both groups on the Motor Inhibition Test Head Start scores after 1 year were still below the 2 other groups on 3 tests, but Head Start group outscored both groups on the Motor Inhibition Test

22. Long-Term Results Study by Garces, Thomas, and Currie (2000) Examined non-experimental research on 4,000 children who had attended Head Start schools since its inception Aim: To discover whether or not participation in Head Start results in greater economic or social success later in life 4 Questions: 1. Completion of High School 2. Attended some college 3. Income (between age 22-24) 4. Charged or convicted of any crime

23. Long-Term Results *Controlled for family background* High School Completion: Head Start 6.0% more likely than stay-at-home students Head Start 6.0% more likely than stay-at-home students Other preschool 3.0% more likely than stay-at-home Other preschool 3.0% more likely than stay-at-home Attended Some College: Head Start 7.5% more likely than stay-at-home Head Start 7.5% more likely than stay-at-home Other Preschool 2.3% more likely Other Preschool 2.3% more likelyIncome: Head Start earned 17% more than stay-at-home Head Start earned 17% more than stay-at-home Other Preschool earned 2% more than stay-at-home Other Preschool earned 2% more than stay-at-home Charged or Convicted of Crime: Head Start 1.2% more likely than stay-at-home Head Start 1.2% more likely than stay-at-home Other Preschool 0.1% less likely than stay-at-home Other Preschool 0.1% less likely than stay-at-home

24. Montessori Education

25. Maria Montessori 1896 – first female doctor in Italy1896 – first female doctor in Italy –uneducable 1900 – first school for “challenged”1900 – first school for “challenged” 1907 – directed first daycares in slum1907 – directed first daycares in slum

26. Philosophy Multiple IntelligencesMultiple Intelligences EmpowermentEmpowerment –Equality –Community of Learners Freedom within limitsFreedom within limits Ability to chooseAbility to choose Intrinsic MotivationIntrinsic Motivation

27. Method LanguageLanguage SensorySensory MathematicsMathematics CultureCulture PracticalPractical Peace cornerPeace corner

28. Method Work planWork plan –3 hour uninterrupted period Teacher guidanceTeacher guidance Teacher observationTeacher observation –Small teacher to kid ratio Two most common age groupsTwo most common age groups –birth to 3 –3 to 6

29. Effectiveness Intrinsic motivation for academic tasksIntrinsic motivation for academic tasks (Rathunde & Csikszentmihalyi, 2005) Case studies (Korfmacher & Spicer, 2002)Case studies (Korfmacher & Spicer, 2002) Comparison studies (Miller & Bizzell, 1984)Comparison studies (Miller & Bizzell, 1984) –Traditional, Bereiter-Englemann, DARCEE Disadvantaged children (Wexley et al., 2001)Disadvantaged children (Wexley et al., 2001)

30. Montessori Activities

31. South America South America

32. Teaching Language Double Letter Sounds eherienoeherienoqueshthuequeshthueoaoooroyoaoooroyaiaraueeaiarauee

33. Montessori Activities