1. Interpersonal Behavior
017468
Murat ERCALLI

2. Contents Conflict in Organization Assertive Behavior
1-Nature of Conflict Source of Conflict Model of Conflict
2-Level of Conflict Effects of Conflict
Assertive Behavior
1-Interpersonal Orientation
2-Stroking
Power and Politics
1-Types of Power Organizational Politics
2-Effects of Power Bases Influence and Political Power

3. Conflict in Organization
The Nature of Conflict: Conflict occurs for a lot of reasons and misunderstanding each other in a party or in a group. When conflict occurs, the needs, goals show difference between humans.
In a group of people, one who is the leader or mediator of this group should resolve the conflict which is really natural for people, because resolve conflict is important.

4. Level of Conflict: Conflict can occure between people
in groups or party when they have race.
-Intrapersonal Conflict: The most conflicts occure when a person who is the leader of the group or team sends two or more missions to member. **
-Interpersonal Conflict: Interpersonal conflict is a really serius
problem between team or group because people affect emotionally. If the emotional effects occurs, the relationship
between teams may mess up.
-Intergroup Conflict: Intergroup conflict is that there may be a problem between people of different groups.**

5. Source of Conflict
-Organizational Change: To progress the achievements in works,
people need to use the resources and outcomes to success.
-Different Sets of Value: The beliefs and the different ways of
thoughts may cause a problem which can be resolved hardly.
-Threats to Status: The place of people may affect the others.
The conflict may occur when the people who has a statu create
a treat to others.

6. -Contrasting Perceptions: People have different perception.
Sometimes they can feel that their perceptions are true, but
the others may think other ways. If they don’t understand the
each other that way or don’t help them there may be a conflict.
-Lack of Trust: As all relationships, the groups work need trust,
too. They have to trust each other whatever they say or do.
-Personal Clashes: The characteristic and personal properties of a
people of a people can shows a differences. People may think or
feel other ways, because of that there may be a conflict between
people.

7. -Personal Differences: People have different properties for each
other even they look like each other, but the mission of manager
is to know the differences, between the people and to understand
them, so that some conflict can be prevented.
The different personality have been known but they are
clustered five major factors; agreeableness, conscientiousness,
openness to experience, emotional stability and extraversion.
-Conscientious employees have less absenteeism than others.
-Emotionally stable people can cope with the stress.
-People who are an openness to experience are no less against
to change a organization.
-Extroverted people can have a good dialog with customer.
-Agreeable people are patient and complaisant.

8. Effect of Conflict: In fact, conflict is not a bed issue for
the product. There is always conflict in a team or group, but
the best side of this is to see the results in different ways. Very
definitely, there are some disadvantages for about the conflict.
If solving the conflict need too many time, there can be
disruption on working.

9. A Model of Conflict: Conflict occurs from different
directions. The importance of conflict depends on emergence.
Managers have to know the conflict and how to solve it.
-Conflict Outcomes: Conflict can produce four outcomes.
Four Possible outcomes figure
Win
Win-Win
Lose
Lose Win
Win-Lose
Lose-Lose
Lose-Win

10. -Participant Intentions: Conflict outcomes are certainly a product
which depends on the intensions of people.
-Resolution Strategies: Intentions can help the workers to choose
their strategies. There are at least four ways of strategies.
*Avoiding: A way to run from the conflict.
*Smoothing: A way to consider the others thoughts.
*Forcing: A way to use powerful strategy to success.
*Compromising: A way to gain something with common
decision.
*Confronting: A way to cope with conflict face to face

11. However there are four strategy to get the goal,
Just one of them is the best one to take a way, confronting,
because the conflict keeps on when people apply them, but
when confronting applied, the problem will be solved.

12. -Negotiating Tactics-
There some examples about tactics.
-Agree on the common goal to solve the problem.
-Recognize the person’s, and your own possible need
for face-saving.
-Make sure that both parties have a vested interest in making
the outcome succeed.

13. Assertive Behavior
It is not easy confronting conflict for some people. Facing
with others may make some feel depressed or vulgar. The best
way is to practice on assertive behavior. Assertive means getting
better for feelings and thoughts. If a person is assertive, he or she
can feel him/herself more explanatory and honest.
stage Example
1- Describe the behavior “When you do this..”
2- Express you feelings “I feel… ”
3- Empathize “I understand why you..”
4- Offer problem-solving alternatives “I want you to consider
changing to either..”
5- Indicate consequences “If you do (don’t), I will”

14. Assertive behavior is connected with body language such as
eye contact, gestures, voice tones.
Interpersonal Orientations: People want to show their most
important interpersonal orientations. Interpersonal orientations
consist of two mark viewpoints. First of them how do people
view themselves? Second of them, how do they view other
people in general? *Show figure four interpersonal orientations
Positive I’m ok
You are ok
Negative I’m not ok
Negative Positive
I’m ok
You are ok
I’m ok
You are not ok

15. Stroking: Stroking means recognition each other in a job. Strokes
may affect positively and negatively. There is a difference
between conditional and unconditional strokes. Conditional
Strokes means offering employees if they perform well.
Unconditional strokes none-offering employees.
-Applications to conflict resolutions: The “ I am ok-you are ok”
person can reach win-win outcome according to connection
between assertiveness and interpersonal orientation.
Assertiveness and stroking are most powerful needs to success
interpersonal effectiveness.

16. Power and Politics
Power and politics most important tools for leaders. Power is
an ability to affect others.
Types of power: There are five main power.
-Personal Power: Personal power is an ability of leaders to know
and understand of people’s personalities.
-Legitimate Power: Legitimate power comes from higher
authority. This higher gives leaders power to control resource
and the other employees.
-Expert Power: It depends on education and experience. It is
the most important type of power in modern society.

17. -Reward Power: It arises from individual ability. It is also a
capacity to control items that are valued by another.
-Coercive Power: It is a capacity to punish another. Managers
With coercive power may threaten other employee’s job security.
Effect of Power Bases: Reward, coercive, and legitimate power
are essentially derived from one’s position in organization.
Expert and personal power reside within the person. Managers
are to concern about employee’s motivation.

18. Organization Politics: Five bases of power are acquired and used
to achieve formal organizational. Organizational politics
means intentional behaviors which are designed to protect a
person’s self interest. These behaviors can help to increase
the promotion .
To large extend the managers agreed that,

19. -- Politics is common in most organizations.
--Managers must be good at politics to succeed.
--Politics becomes more important at higher levels.
-- Politics can detract from organizational effeciency.
Influence and Political Power: Managers learn to produce
results and make things happen without to reliance on
traditional forms of powers. Knowing this, a person can
Influence others by making mutually beneficial with them to
gain their cooperation.

20. 7 steps to increase your influence
1- Treat the other party as a potential ally
2- Specify your objectives
3- Learn about the other party’s needs, interest, and goals
4- Inventory your own resources to identify something of
value you can offer
5- Asses your current relationship with the other person
6- Decide what to ask for and what to offer
7- Make the actual exchange that produce a gain for both
parties

21. If a leader use these steps as a tactic, leader can get a political
power. The two of most popular tactics are social exchanges
and alliance of various type. Social exchange implies that
“If you’ll do something for me ,I’ll do something for you”
Alliance is a tactic in which two or more people join in a
group to get better results.

22. Thank You Very Much