1. Space Shuttle Justin Schultz

2. Space Shuttle Space Shuttle is the first orbital space craft designed for reuse Delivers payloads and a rotation of crew members to work on the International Space Station Can recover satellites from orbit Usually designed for a lifespan of about 100 launches

3. Different Types Air-worthy Enterprise Space-worthy Challenger-Disintegrated 73 sec after launch(1986) Endeavour Columbia-Broke apart during re-entry (2003) Discovery Atlantis

4. Cost To build Endeavour cost NASA $1.7 billion One Space Shuttle launch costs $450 million Trough 2008 we have spent about $170 billion dollars on the Space Shuttle Program

5. Main Components Three Main Components Orbiter Vehicle – Only part that enters orbit External Tank – Reaches 17,500 mph and the external tank is released and burns up in atmosphere Two reusable solid rocket boosters – Two minutes after liftoff explosive bolts are fired off and the SRBs parachute down into the ocean – Ships pick them up

6. External Tank and SRB External Tank Supplies liquid nitrogen and oxygen to main engines Solid Rocket Booster Provides 83% of total thrust needed for launch Made of ½ inch thick steel Released at a height of 150,000 ft

7. Orbiter Vehicle Resembles traditional aircrafts Wings at an angle of 81 degrees at inner leading edges and 45 degrees at outer 4 elevons at the end of the wings 44 liquid fueled rocket thrusters – Allows for small amounts of thrust to help maneuver the craft Typically 5-7 crew members Typical Payload around 50,000lbs

8. Pressurized Cabin Three Levels in Crew Cabin Flight deck – Commander and Co-pilot and two mission specialists Mid deck – Right below flight deck and holds rest of the crew members – Toilet, sleep locations, storage lockers, side hatch, and airlock (big enough for two astronauts) Utility area

9. Cockpit in Flight Deck

10. Propulsion Three main engines attached to fuselage In the pattern of an equilateral triangle Can be swiveled 10.5 degrees vertically and 8.5 degrees horizontally – This allows for control for change in directions of the orbiter

11. Propulsion Three main auxilary power units (APU) Burn hydrazine to provide hydraulic pressure for the hydraulic systems – Even provides pressure for the main liquid-fueled rocket engines (run by a computer) – For rudders, elevons, air brakes, and landing gear

12. Thermal Protection System Protects the orbiter from the 3000 degree F of atmospheric reentry Also protects from the -250 degree F in space Covers whole surface of orbiter Composed of seven different materials

13. Different Materials in TPS Reinforced carbon-carbon – Used in nose cap and wing – Composite material consisting of carbon fibre reinforced in a matrix of graphite High-temperature reusable surface insulation tiles, used on the outside of orbiter

14. Columbia Disaster 82 seconds after launch a piece of thermal insulation broke off the external tank Striked the Reinforced Carbon-Carbon panels on the left wing – Likely caused a 6-10 inch diameter hole which would allow hot gases to enter wing upon reentry Breached the thermal protection system on the wings leading edge This happened at an altitude of 66,000ft and a speed of 1,870 miles/hour

17. Structure Primarily composed of aluminum alloy Engine thrusters composed of titanium alloy Windows made of aluminum silicate glass – Comprise of internal pressure pane, 1.3 in optical pane, and an external thermal pane

18. Landing Gear Three sets of landing gear – Wheels – Brakes – Steering motors Emerge through heat shield Must be lowered manually – Would be very dangerous if automatic due to surrounding heat shield

19. Size Height approximatley 185 ft Diameter approximately 28.5 ft Mass 4.47 million lbm

20. Re-entry Almost all computer controlled except for landing gear – In emergency causes it can be done manually The shuttle flies upside down and backside first in the opposite direction of the earth’s rotation to slow down – Does this for three minutes

21. Re-entry Thrusters are used to control the shuttles angle Flying at a 40 degree nose-up angle produces high drag – This allows to slow down to landing speed – Also allows for reduction in reentry heating 4 S turns at 70 degrees of bank and 40 degrees nose-up angle (G forces at its peak) – This helps slow the shuttle to the correct landing speed