1. SOUL Annual Day June 23, 2012 Prof. Mrinal K. Sen, Director, CSIR-NGRI, Hyderabad Dr. M.J.Nandan, Sr. Scientist

2. Saraswati Civilization The roots of Bharatiya culture are to be found on the banks of River Sarasvati Saraswati River, adored in Indian Civilization from the days of the Rigveda, is not a myth but a reality, not a legend but ground-truth On the banks of River Saraswati was nurtured a civilization, attested by over 2,000 archaeological sites on the river basin, making it appropriate, as suggested by many archaeologists, to name it as Saraswati Civilization, instead of Indus Valley or Harappan Civilization We need to protect our water resources to protect our civilizations

3. All human and other life of the earth depends on less than 1 % of the total quantity of water on this planet All human and other life of the earth depends on less than 1 % of the total quantity of water on this planet Lakes are mainly used for : Drinking water, transportation, irrigation, fishing, recreation, habitat

4. Hyderabad city occupies one of the top positions in the country in terms of Urban Lakes At the turn of 20th centaury number of lakes was 532 which was reduced to 400 at the time of independence and today 170 water bodies with > 10 hectors (25 acres) Hyderabad city occupies one of the top positions in the country in terms of Urban Lakes At the turn of 20th centaury number of lakes was 532 which was reduced to 400 at the time of independence and today 170 water bodies with > 10 hectors (25 acres)

5. Important Functions of Hyderabad Lakes

6. Drinking Water Osmansagar Himayatsagar Conservation Hussainsagar Sarrornagar lake Mir Alam Tank Durgam Cheruvu Nadimi Cheruvu Banjara Tank Shamirpet lake Pedda Cheruvu Mysamma Cheruvu Kapra Cheruvu Patel Cheruvu Nalla Cheruvu R.K.Puram Cheruvu Yellamma Cheruvu Amber Cheruvu Banda Cheruvu Lost Forever Mir Jumla Tank Ma Sahab Tank Batkamma Kunta

7. Priority-III: Diversion of excess Sewerage in-flow/ construction of STPs Banjara Lake R.K.Puram Cheruvu (Malkajgiri) Patel Cheruvu (Nacharam) Pedda Cheruvu (Nacharam) Nalla Cheruvu (Uppal) Mir Alam Tank (Rajendra Nagar) Satam Cheruvu (MCH area) Nalla Cheruvu (Moosapet) Priority-I : Development of Green Belt Osman Sagar Himayath Sagar Hussain Sagar. Priority-II : Demarcation of boundary & removal of encroachments Durgam Cheruvu Banda Cheruvu (Malkajgiri) Thammadi Kunta (Madhapur) Amber Cheruvu (Kukatpally) Hasmathpet Cheruvu (Kukatpally) Yellamma Cheruvu (Serilingampally) Bhagarathi Cheruvu (Serilingampally) Mysamma Cheruvu (Serilingampally) Pedda Cheruvu (Ramanthapur) Kapra Cheruvu (Kapra) Encroachments pose a threat to Bandlacheruvu lake at Neredmet

9. NONPOINT SOURCES Urban Areas Suburban development Wastewater treatment plant Rural Areas Agriculture Industries Animal feedlot POINT SOURCES Nonpoint source pollution generally results from land runoff, precipitation, atmospheric deposition, drainage, seepage or hydrologic modification. Point source means any discernible, confined and discrete conveyance, including but not limited to any pipe, ditch, channel, tunnel, conduit, well, rolling stock, concentrated animal feeding operation, or vessel or other floating craft, from which pollutants are or may be discharged.

10. Process of Degradation The amount of inflow (water, sediments, Particulate and disilloved organics) is the main load for the lake and Residence time Is the average age of the load and flushing Rate is the process required to exchange the nutrient rich water with fresh water. Higher Residence Time + Lower Flushing Rates = Lake Degradation The amount of inflow (water, sediments, Particulate and disilloved organics) is the main load for the lake and Residence time Is the average age of the load and flushing Rate is the process required to exchange the nutrient rich water with fresh water. Higher Residence Time + Lower Flushing Rates = Lake Degradation Trophic status is the degree of biological production within a lake to understand its pollution status. Oligotrophic lakes contain poor level of nutrients and less polluted. Mesotrophic lakes contain medium level of nutrients and are in the process of degradation. Eutrophic lakes are highly polluted and needs restoration and conservation.

11. Lake Trophic Status Oligotrophic Low productivity, clear water, life more sparse Eutrophic High productivity, murkier water, but more life Most lakes in & around Hyderabad City have already reached the eutrophic status due to human activities; such lakes are not of much value to humans and therefore are in urgent need of resurrection.

12. Small Fish 1.04 ppm Zooplankton 0.123 ppm Phytoplankton 0.0025 ppm Water 0.000002 ppm Aquatic Birds 124 ppm Big Fish/Carps 4.83 ppm Aquatic Bird Eggs 124 ppm BIOMAGNIFICATIONBIOMAGNIFICATION BIOMAGNIFICATIONBIOMAGNIFICATION How It Effects the Environment Toxic chemicals and heavy metals flow into the lakes enters the food chain of plants and animals and its concentrations increases upto maximum 6.2 crores which is more dangerous for life and environment.

13. Lakes and Impact on City Temperature Ecological Approach for Mitigation of Urban Flood Risks T.V. Ramachandra, Uttam Kumar and Bharath H. Aithal, 2012 Ecological Approach for Mitigation of Urban Flood Risks T.V. Ramachandra, Uttam Kumar and Bharath H. Aithal, 2012 Temperature profile in various directions. X axis – Movement along the transacts from the Bangalore city centre, Y axis - Temperature (°C).

14. Lake Conservation Projects Approved Under the NLCP ( June 2010) Sanctioned Cost : Rs. 4.30 Crores Lakes Covered : 1 Conservation and Management of Lakes An Indian Perspective Ministry of Environment and Forests, 2010

15. NGRI` s R&D Programs for the Management of Hyderabad Lakes NGRI` s R&D Programs for the Management of Hyderabad Lakes

16. Hyderbad Urban Development Authority (HUDA) 1.Lake Water Budget of Durgamcheruvu and Groundwater & Surface Water Conditions in the Durgamcheruvu Watershed 2.Lake Water Budget of Mir-Alam-Tank and Groundwater & Surface Water Quality in the Mir-Alam-Tank Watershed 3.Assessment of Lake Water Interaction with Groundwater and Water Quality around Patelcheruvu, Peddacheruvu & Nallacheruvu Lakes (North East Musi Basin) 4.Ecology of Osmansagar & Himayatsagar Lakes study, Hyderabad, A.P. NGRI In-house Project (2007-12) Groundwater Quality Limnological Investigations on Hussainsagar Lake Hyderabad Metropolitan Development Authority (HMDA) Member – Lake Protection Committee

17. WQ Monitoring Studies by NGRI Staff at Mir Alam Tank Predicted Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) status from Mir Alam Tank (50 Years) Remote Sensing Studies of Himayatsagar and Osmansagr Reservoirs Permeability distribution in m/day in the Catchment area of Osmansagar Lake

18. 1.Urban Hydrology 2.Surface & Groundwater Quality 3.Toxic Metals 4.Sediments 5.Groundwater Flow and Mass Transport Modeling 6.Pollution & Management 1.Urban Hydrology 2.Surface & Groundwater Quality 3.Toxic Metals 4.Sediments 5.Groundwater Flow and Mass Transport Modeling 6.Pollution & Management Digital Elevation Model of Hussainsagar catchment, Andhra Pradesh Hussainsagar Lake Groundwater Flow and Mass Transport Modelling in Hussainsagar Catchment

19. Lakes Studied : RK Puram Cheruvu, Nadimi Cheruvu, Bandla Cheruvu, Patel Cheruvu, Pedda Cheruvu, Nalla Cheruvu, Durgam Cheruvu, Mir Alam Tank

20. Catchment areas of Osmansagar & Himayatsagar Lakes Ranga Reddy District, A.P. Hydrology, Ecology and Water quality Studies

21. Fundamental Duties Enshrined in the Constitution of India Article 51A-It Shall be the duty of every citizens of India 1.to abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem; 2.to cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle for freedom; 3.to uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India; 4.to defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so; 5.to promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India transcending religious, linguistic and regional or sectional diversities; to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women; 6.to value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture; 7.to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wild life, and to have compassion for living creatures; 8.to develop the scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform; 9.to safeguard public property and to abjure violence; 10.to strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity so that the nation constantly rises to higher levels of endeavour and achievement Article 51A-It Shall be the duty of every citizens of India 1.to abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem; 2.to cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle for freedom; 3.to uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India; 4.to defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so; 5.to promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India transcending religious, linguistic and regional or sectional diversities; to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women; 6.to value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture; 7.to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wild life, and to have compassion for living creatures; 8.to develop the scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform; 9.to safeguard public property and to abjure violence; 10.to strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity so that the nation constantly rises to higher levels of endeavour and achievement

22. Some Immediate Steps…… Distribution of Lakes in and around Hyderbad City (Minor, Small, Medium, Large, Very Large) Understand the value and functions Pollution problems (lake level and basin level) Trophic Status Prioritization for Conservation and Management Finding out suitable management and restoration techniques Stake Holders or Citizen`s Participation Implementation of Management Programs HMDA NGRI IIIT NRSC EPTRI NGRI HMDA NGO`s Citizen Forums

23.  Clearly demarcate the lake margin & stabilize by suitable vegetal cover  Check the process of eutrophication  De silting of lakes  Regulate the use of insecticides/pesticides in the catchment areas to check lake pollution from agriculture run off  Ban agricultural practice in the lake basin sewage must be diverted away from the lakes  Continuous Monitoring for WQ studies Restoration & Conservation of Dying Lakes

24. Few Questions About the Urban Lakes ??? Who owns the waterbody? How many waterbodies are there ? Which Waterbodies should be protected? What is the no-construction zone around the waterbody? Will the catchment and channels feeding the waterbodies be protected? Who will maintain the waterbody? Who owns the waterbody? How many waterbodies are there ? Which Waterbodies should be protected? What is the no-construction zone around the waterbody? Will the catchment and channels feeding the waterbodies be protected? Who will maintain the waterbody?

25. Multiplicity of Departments Conflict of Interests & No Accountability Multiplicity of Policies & Laws No Unified, Holistic Policy & Legal Framework Multiplicity of Departments Conflict of Interests & No Accountability Multiplicity of Policies & Laws No Unified, Holistic Policy & Legal Framework Lake Protection Society, 2011, Udaipur

26. To work solely for the regeneration and Conservation of lakes in and around Hyderabad City within HMDA jurisdiction and also for other lakes of Andhra Pradesh To work solely for the regeneration and Conservation of lakes in and around Hyderabad City within HMDA jurisdiction and also for other lakes of Andhra Pradesh An Independent Agency for Lakes ? ? ? Madhya Pradesh, Chilka, J&K, Karnakata, Uttarakhand

27. Thanks Himayatsagar