1. Advanced Topics of WAN Compiled from Previous ISQS 6341 Project November 2003

2. Network Peering

3. What is Peering?  Peering is the arrangement of traffic exchange between Internet service providers (ISPs).

4. Types of Peering  Bilateral peering an agreement between two partiesan agreement between two parties  Multilateral peering agreement between more than two partiesagreement between more than two parties  Shared-cost peering Used if parties achieve equal benefitsUsed if parties achieve equal benefits  Paid peering Used if one party benefits more than the otherUsed if one party benefits more than the other

5. Peering Requirements  Exchange and updating of router information between the peered ISPs Done by using Border Gateway ProtocolDone by using Border Gateway Protocol  Interconnect at network focal points network access pointsnetwork access points regional switching pointsregional switching points  Peering policy

6. ISP roles and relationships

7. Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)  Is a protocol for exchanging routing  BGP is often the protocol used between gateway hosts on the Internet The routing table contains a list of known routers, the addresses they can reach, and a cost metric associated with the path to each router so that the best available route is chosen.The routing table contains a list of known routers, the addresses they can reach, and a cost metric associated with the path to each router so that the best available route is chosen.

8. Service Level Agreement   A service contract between Service provider and their customer that defines provider responsibilities in terms of: network levels (throughput, loss rate, delays and jitter) times of availability method of measurement consequences if service levels aren't met or the defined traffic levels are exceeded by the customer, and all costs involved.   It specifies the forwarding service a customer should receive. A SLA may include traffic conditioning rules.

9. SLA’s IP Services Metrics Service Level Network Availability 99.9% premises to POP Latency 80 ms or less network-wide monthly average delay Latency Traffic offered at service level A will be delivered with low latency Packet Loss 1% or less on network-wide monthly average packet loss Packet Loss Traffic offered at service level B will be delivered with low loss Throughput 99.99% network-wide data delivery rate average per calendar month

10. QoS Characteristics  Minimizes delivery delay  Minimizes delay variations  Provides consistent data throughput capacity

11. QoS for IT  Manage sensitive applications, such as audio and video.  Manage delay-sensitive traffic, such as real time voice.  Control loss in time due to burst congestions

12. Key QoS Parameters  Latency The time between a node sending a message and receipt of the message by another node.  Jitter An aberration that occurs when video or voice is transmitted over a network, and packets do not arrive at its destination in consecutive order or on a timely basis.  Bandwidth A measure of data transmission capacity, usually expressed in kilobits per second (Kbps) or megabits per second (Mbps).  Packet Loss Example:1% or less on network-wide monthly average packet loss.  Availability Example: 99.9% premises to POP.

13. The exchange model

14. Exchange Routing

15. Exchange Switch

16. Route Control

17.  A method of identifying the best path between two points on a network  Allows companies to gain and maintain business-class performance over internet  Lets the user set the rules and policies that define what the “best path” is

18. Intelligent Route Control vs. Border Gateway Protocol

19. Upcoming Solution Intelligent Routing

20. Why Intelligent Routing ? BANDWIDTH COST SAVINGS  Optimizes traffic by ISP  Reduces network engineering operational expenses  Billing Remediation  Increases revenue  Downsizes and/or reduces # of links  Migration from private networks to the internet

21. Link Segment Allocation Sprint 1 2 3 4 5 6 Mbps $650 UUNET $800 1 2 3 4 5 6 Mbps Regional ISP $700 $500 1 2 3 4 5 6 Mbps Case 1: Total 6 Mbps Undefined $600 $900

22. Link Segment Allocation Sprint 1 2 3 4 5 6 Mbps $650 UUNET $800 1 2 3 4 5 6 Mbps Regional ISP $500 1 2 3 4 5 6 Mbps Case 2: Total 8 Mbps Undefined $600 $900 $700

23. Link Segment Allocation Sprint 1 2 3 4 5 6 Mbps $650 UUNET $800 1 2 3 4 5 6 Mbps Regional ISP $500 1 2 3 4 5 6 Mbps Case 3: Total 8 Mbps Undefined $600 $900 $875 $700

24. Target Customers  Enterprise Customers  Service Provider Customers Carrier-neutral inter-exchange facilitiesCarrier-neutral inter-exchange facilities Local exchange carriersLocal exchange carriers

25. Route Control Vendor Positioning

26. Why Companies Participate in Bandwidth Markets ?  Now, telecommunication is global  Internet market is out of boundaries  Telecom market is specializing

27. How to Participate in Bandwidth Market ?  Using a system of offers & bids Registering to market web sitesRegistering to market web sites Talking to the managersTalking to the managers

28. Price System of Bandwidth  Depends on tier levels (over- subscription rates)  Is highly affected by route control

29. The Route Control Solution  Bandwidth Utilization

30. The Route Control Solution  Operational efficiency

31. Price Comparison COMPANYPRODUCT PRICE RANGE netVmg Flow Control Platform FCP VPN Product $150,000–$250,000$10,000 Opnix Orbit 1000 CPE $20,000 $1,000/Month as a Service and $100,000 to Purchase Proficient Networks Network Policy Engine 1010A NPE 510A NPE1010A: $50,000; NPE510A: $35,000 Radware PeerDirector$39,000–$79,000 RouteScience PathControl 5014 PathControl 5008 (VPN) 3000 $140,000–$250,000;$100,000–$150,000;$30,000 Sockeye Networks GlobalRoute Non-Recurring: 5,000/Location; $2,000/Location for VPN; $2,000/Month for Optimization; $2,500/Link for Each Link