1. © 2006 Open Grid Forum Multi-Tier SLA Management and Standards QoS/SLA Workshop OGF 28, Munich, March 17, 2010 Ramin Yahyapour

2. © 2007 Open Grid Forum Example: SLA@SOI Project Vision A business-ready service-oriented infrastructure empowering the service economy in a flexible and dependable way. Business-readiness requires predictability & dependability  prerequisite for acceptance & uptake of (new) services holistic SLA management  transparent IT management automated negotiation  dynamic, scalable service consumption Impact on the knowledge economy decreased time to market for new services increased productivity and competitiveness lower entry barriers, especially for SMEs

3. © 2007 Open Grid Forum Technical Motivation Service Consumer dynamic demand for complex business solutions at low costs Software Provider SOAs provide un-precedented flexibility Service Provider service economy requires dependable services Flexible usage Business Services Infrastructure Provider virtualization technologies allow for adaptive SOIs Engineering of predictable services Automated SLA negotiation and management SLA enforcement via adaptive infrastructures Vision of SLA@SOI A business-ready service-oriented infrastructure empowering the service economy in a flexible and dependable way

4. © 2007 Open Grid Forum SLA@SOI Project Duration June 2008 – May 2011 12 Partners 6 industrial, 1 SME, 3 academic, 2 research centres 7 countries: Austria, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Slovenia, Spain, United Kingdom Budget 15.2 M€ Info http://www.sla-at-soi.eu

5. © 2007 Open Grid Forum Envisioned Interaction Service Provider Contracting/ Sales SOA SOI physical virtual Procurement Business Use Service Demand Customer Infrastructure Provider Software Provider

6. © 2007 Open Grid Forum Envisioned Interaction Service Provider Contracting/ Sales SOA SOI SLA Orchestration/ Transformation/ Aggregation SLA (Re-)Negotiation Provisioning physical virtual Mapping SLA Business Assessment Service Demand Forecasting Resource Consumption Forecasting Procurement Business Use Service Demand Customer Business Assessment Infrastructure Provider Monitoring, Arbitration Software Provider

7. © 2007 Open Grid Forum Envisioned Interaction Service Provider Contracting/ Sales SOA SOI SLA Orchestration/ Transformation/ Aggregation SLA (Re-)Negotiation Provisioning Monitoring Adjustment Alerting physical virtual Mapping SLA Business Assessment Service Demand Forecasting Resource Consumption Forecasting Procurement Business Use Service Demand Customer Business Assessment Infrastructure Provider Monitoring, Arbitration Software Provider

8. © 2007 Open Grid Forum Project innovation SLA management framework harmonizing perspectives of relevant stakeholders (software/service/infrastructure provider and customer) standards for SLA specification and negotiation & systematic multi-layer SLA management (planning, optimization, and provisioning), monitoring and accounting  guaranteed QoS in a dynamic and end-to-end fashion via consistent SLA handling across IT stack Adaptive SLA-aware infrastructures standardized interfaces for adaptive infrastructures with harmonized access to different virtualization technologies. advanced technologies for SLA enforcement on infrastructure level  efficient resource usage w/ reliable SLA enforcement at infrastructure level Engineering methods for predictable service-oriented systems modelling techniques and prediction tools for SOA and SOI components Business management suite for e-contracting covers complete business lifecycle of a service provisioning/delivery

9. © 2007 Open Grid Forum Example real world use-case... Multiple service types hosted Communications, Social networking, media, entertainment, Enterprise. On a heterogeneous infrastructure : Data centres, grid, Wired, wireless. With associated diversity of : Margin and profitability, Customer expectations and satisfaction requirements, SLA ‘levels’ – platinum … bronze … etc, Workload patterns and scheduling / provisioning requirements.

10. © 2007 Open Grid Forum Additionally.. Constraints Internal governance Logging for billing, Auditability, Licensed product management. Internal efficiency Managed resource consumption, Utility cost minimisation, Operational cost minimisation, And third party resources and services. External events ‘Slashdot effect’, Resource failure, SLA adjustments. planned unforeseen

11. © 2007 Open Grid Forum Service Level Agreements Constraints expressed in Service Level Objectives ‘Make composite resource available between 09:00 and 11:30.’ ‘Complete processing of a daily data transformation by 14:00.’ ‘Sustain average throughout of 3000 transactions/hour.’ ‘Peak throughput of 150 transactions/minute for up to 10 minutes.’ Statistical constraints ‘deliver 99.98% availability’ ‘ensure <1% transaction timeouts’ ‘ensure 90% transactions complete within 1sec.’ Complex provisioning challenge

12. © 2007 Open Grid Forum SLA Lifecycle view Normal lifecycle Negotiation  planning/optimisation  provisioning  execution Monitoring provides a feedback loop for adjustment at run time. Diagram : SLA@SOI internal reference

13. © 2007 Open Grid Forum Negotiation - provisioning phase Implications from service level objectives – Selection and configuration of individual resources based on performance and cost. Statistical likelihood of SLA compliance with end customer. Calculation and expression of SLOs, negotiation of SLAs with third party providers. Final orchestration and provision of service to end customer. Customer facing SLA Third party SLA #1 Third party SLA #2 Internal policies and constraints Internal resources

14. © 2007 Open Grid Forum Run time phase Proactive adjustment Predictive analysis of monitoring data. Adjustment – Dynamic resource allocation to any part of the service chain. Full re-provisioning of any part of the service chain followed by re- orchestration. Diagram : SLA@SOI Use Case Specification - Enterprise IT. Reactive adjustment Recovery from failure. Adjustment – ◊ Full re-provisioning of any part of the service chain followed by re-orchestration.

15. © 2007 Open Grid Forum Experiences QoS/SLA Management are crucial in many scenarios Current trend in different areas Fueled by Cloud scenarios: SLAs for services, platforms, infrastructures, compute, software, licenses, data, network Interoperability is a key requirement While single QoS/SLA are current goals, However, immediately combination of SLAs in a complete stack will become important (Offering a SaaS which requires several infrastructure or other components Data center management moves from system management to service management. A single service is not individually management but needs to be evaluated in global view: SLAs seem to be the common trend to do so. 15

16. © 2007 Open Grid Forum Standards Interoperability requires open standards. Existing core: WS-Agreement OCCI OGSA-BES Open challenges: Multi-layer, multi-tier SLA management Linking SLAs, Translation of SLAs Extending of RM systems by SLA features 16

17. © 2007 Open Grid Forum Current State WS-Agreement Specification GFD.107 available for a long time; many implementations Urgent need for microspecs for common SLAs Extension for multi-round negotiation (current activity) JSDL Specification GFD.056,GFD.111 well adopted in the community Extensions available DRMAA Programming API for the submission and control of jobs to one or more Distributed Resource Management (DRM) systems (GFD.022,GFD.130). OCCI Management of Cloud Systems Supporting SLAs as input (by SLA@SOI and RESERVOIR projects) 17

18. © 2007 Open Grid Forum OCCI and SLA@SOI SLA@SOI & OCCI have common goals “Standardised interfaces for adaptive infrastructures with harmonized access to different virtualization technologies.” OCCI is means for SLA@SOI to: Embed the importance and concepts of SLAs Influence infrastructural standards OCCI will be used in-part to SLA-enable infrastructure management WP A4 (Adaptive SLA-aware Infrastructure Management) is the interested work package In development. Will implement an OCCI compliant interface In terms of the SLA@SOI Framework this means: Supply OCCI-specific SLA@SOI Framework plugins

19. © 2007 Open Grid Forum WS-Agreement and SLA@SOI SLA@SOI is interested in and will contribute a negotiation extension to WS-Agreement As part of the architecture update, a rule-based protocol orchestration engine has been designed Results to come SLA@SOI-specific SLA negotiation requirements (deliverable input) Evaluation of negotiation protocols (simulation & report) Definition of the protocol Protocol implementation (software) Implementation of the orchestration engine 19