1. Onset of disease Lecturer: QU Hongyan

2. Onset of disease Onset of disease refers to the process of disease,namely, the course of contradictory struggle between the pathogenic qi and healthy qi. Mechanism of disease onset Mechanism of disease onset Types of onset of disease Types of onset of disease

3. it is the general term for various normal functional activities of the body, with the function to remove pathogenic qi,resist disease invasion and repair injuries. it is the general term for various normal functional activities of the body, with the function to remove pathogenic qi,resist disease invasion and repair injuries. generally refers to various factors causing disease and is abbreviated as “pathogen”, including those factors exiting in the external environment and originating form the interior of the human body. generally refers to various factors causing disease and is abbreviated as “pathogen”, including those factors exiting in the external environment and originating form the interior of the human body. The onset of disease is a complicated course,but it may be generalized into the struggle between healthy qi and pathogenic qi. The onset of disease is a complicated course,but it may be generalized into the struggle between healthy qi and pathogenic qi.

4.  Relationship of the struggle between healthy qi and pathogenic qi to onset of disease  Major factors influencing the onset of disease

5.  Deficient healthy qi is the intrinsic factor causing disease Healthy qi is not vigorous Pathogenic factor invades the body and some endogenous Pathogenic factor invades the body and some endogenous pathogenic factors or pathological products will be formed Its function of promoting and regulating The viscera and meridians get declined

6. Pathogenic qi is the important factor causing disease. Pathogenic qi is the important factor causing disease. The invasion of pathogenic play a significant role in disease onset.Without it, no disease occurs. But under certain circumstances, pathogenic qi can play a leading role in disease onset. e.g. The prevalence of the pestilential qi Earthquake, traumatic injury, etc Decisive factor in disease onset

7. Struggle between healthy qi and pathogenic qi can decide whether there would be onset When the healthy qi is vigorous healthy qi defeats the pathogenic qi There would be no clinical symptoms and signs Healthy qi is too weak Pathogenic qi defeat the healthy qi Imbalance of yin-yang and qi-blood of body, malfunction of the viscera and meridians

8. Vigorous healthy qi excessive pathogenic qi Excessive syndrome Deficient healthy qi Pathogenic qi in not very strong Deficient syndrome The pathogenic qi is mild The location of the disease tends to be superficial The intensity between the healthy qi and pathogenic qi can also decide the nature, location and severity of a disease

9. Major factors influencing the onset of disease Climates regions external environment. living and working conditions constitution Psychological states internal environment. genetic

10. In different seasons there would be different prevalent pathogenic qi and diseases. In different seasons there would be different prevalent pathogenic qi and diseases. Wind attack often occurs in Spring when wind prevails. Measles,chicken-pox and scarlet fever often occur and prevail in Winter and Spring

11. Different frequently-encountered or commonly- encountered diseases tend to appear in different geographic regions. Different frequently-encountered or commonly- encountered diseases tend to appear in different geographic regions. Cold diseases often occur in North where the temperature is low and pathogenic clod tends to occurs. Febrile diseases or damp-eat diseases often occurs in the southeast. Endemic goiter is likely to occur in the mountain areas far away from the coast.

12. Unhealthy living environment can become the factor to cause or induce disease. Some diseases may occur or prevail due to malicious living and working conditions. Unhealthy living environment can become the factor to cause or induce disease. Some diseases may occur or prevail due to malicious living and working conditions. Dark and damp living places; dirty air, polluted water, etc.

13. A person’s psychological state may be influenced by social turbulence, changes of economic and social status, disharmonious family or public relations, etc. If not adaptable in time, one is likely to contract diseases. A person’s psychological state may be influenced by social turbulence, changes of economic and social status, disharmonious family or public relations, etc. If not adaptable in time, one is likely to contract diseases.

14. constitutions Generally speaking, and individual with a strong constitution and vigorous healthy qi is not easy to contract a disease while an individual with a weak constitution will be easily invaded by the pathogenic qi to cause disease often manifested as syndrome of deficiency-excess complex or deficient syndrome. Generally speaking, and individual with a strong constitution and vigorous healthy qi is not easy to contract a disease while an individual with a weak constitution will be easily invaded by the pathogenic qi to cause disease often manifested as syndrome of deficiency-excess complex or deficient syndrome.

15. Psychological states A relaxed mind and happy feeling contribute to a smooth movement of qi, harmonization between qi and blood, and coordination of visceral function, vigorous healthy qi, thus pathogenic qi cannot invade the body easily. A relaxed mind and happy feeling contribute to a smooth movement of qi, harmonization between qi and blood, and coordination of visceral function, vigorous healthy qi, thus pathogenic qi cannot invade the body easily. Internal injury due to seven emotions

16. Nutrition and physical exercises Improper diet, malnutrition, lack of physical training or work Deficient qi and blood of the body The human body was affected by pathogenic qi

17. Types of onset of disease In the process of disease, there appear different types disease onset according to their different types, natures, invasive routes and toxicities of pathogenic qi as well as different body constitutions. In the process of disease, there appear different types disease onset according to their different types, natures, invasive routes and toxicities of pathogenic qi as well as different body constitutions.

18. Immediate onset Chronic onset Latent onset Relapse Combination and overlapping of onset Secondary onset onset Disease onset

19. Onset of disease It means that a disease occurs immediately after the attack of pathogens. It means that a disease occurs immediately after the attack of pathogens. It usually results from sudden emotional changes, severe exogenous pathogens, pestilent factors, poisonous or traumatic injury. It usually results from sudden emotional changes, severe exogenous pathogens, pestilent factors, poisonous or traumatic injury.

20. Chronic onset It refers to slow onset of disease after the invasion of pathogen and is closely related to the types, natures of pathogens and characters of constitutions etc. It refers to slow onset of disease after the invasion of pathogen and is closely related to the types, natures of pathogens and characters of constitutions etc.

21. Latent onset It means that pathogens incubate inside for a period of time and cause no disease after invading into the body and when the body is stimulated by some factors, a disease occurs. It means that pathogens incubate inside for a period of time and cause no disease after invading into the body and when the body is stimulated by some factors, a disease occurs. It is usually seen in some exogenous diseases or traumatic injuries such as pulmonary phthisis, malaria, tetanus, rabies etc It is usually seen in some exogenous diseases or traumatic injuries such as pulmonary phthisis, malaria, tetanus, rabies etc

22. Secondary onset It refers to a condition that a new disease occurs on the basis of a primary disease. It refers to a condition that a new disease occurs on the basis of a primary disease.e.g. the case of hyperactivity of liver yang followed by liver wind stirring inside; the case of hyperactivity of liver yang followed by liver wind stirring inside; infantile chronic diarrhea followed by infantile malnutrition with accumulation. infantile chronic diarrhea followed by infantile malnutrition with accumulation.

23. Primary disease Secondary disease Close relationship in pathology

24. Combination of syndromes Combination of syndromes refers to the simultaneous occurrence of syndrome in two or more meridians and areas. Combination of syndromes refers to the simultaneous occurrence of syndrome in two or more meridians and areas. Pathogens are exuberant Pathogens invade two meridians or locations Healthy qi is relatively deficient

25. Overlapping of syndromes It refers to that before a syndrome disappears another syndrome in other parts or meridians appears after the pathogens invading the body. It refers to that before a syndrome disappears another syndrome in other parts or meridians appears after the pathogens invading the body.

26. Relapse It refers to a type of onset in which during the early stage of recovery or remission period, disease occurs repeatedly and the body is stimulated by some factors, also known as recurrence of disease. It refers to a type of onset in which during the early stage of recovery or remission period, disease occurs repeatedly and the body is stimulated by some factors, also known as recurrence of disease.

27. Primary factors of relapse There are various factors causing relapse of disease. The major cause is that pathogenic qi is not completely removed and healthy qi is not fully recovered. There are various factors causing relapse of disease. The major cause is that pathogenic qi is not completely removed and healthy qi is not fully recovered. When invaded by pathogens, healthy qi is inevitably damaged After treatment, healthy qi has not fully recovered in the recovery stage A little stimulation to the body will lead to the relapse of disease

28. Precipitating factors of relapse Attack of new pathogenic factors At the early stage of recovery, when the residual pathogenic qi are not eliminated, and the process of pathological damage to the body hasn't finished, the healthy qi is weak in disease resistance, any attack of new pathogens can lead to relapse of disease easily. At the early stage of recovery, when the residual pathogenic qi are not eliminated, and the process of pathological damage to the body hasn't finished, the healthy qi is weak in disease resistance, any attack of new pathogens can lead to relapse of disease easily.

29. Precipitating factors of relapse Improper diet At the early stage of recovery, if At the early stage of recovery, if One takes excessive food or improper or unclean diet, the undigested food, alcohol and sea food Stimulate the residual pathogens Relapse of disease

30. Precipitating factors of relapse Over-strain a little work will cause the relapse of cold attack a little work will cause the relapse of cold attack Misuse of medicine For example, in the early stage of recovery from febrile, tonics, especially the warm ones, should not be taken For example, in the early stage of recovery from febrile, tonics, especially the warm ones, should not be taken

31. Precipitating factors of relapse Emotional stimulation Emotional stimulation Impair healthy qi Body resistance get decline The residual pathogens cause disease again Damage internal Viscera directly Disorders of qi movement, reversing natural harmony of yin-yang Relapse

32. Main types of relapse Relapse on a partial recovery Relapse on a partial recovery Alternation of rest and relapse Alternation of rest and relapse Alternation of acute onset chronic remission Alternation of acute onset chronic remission