1. New England, Middle, Southern
13 Colonies
New England, Middle, Southern

2. 13 Colonies Along which ocean are these colonies located?
What natural boundary is to the west of the colonies?

3. New England Colonies

4. New England Colonies Massachusetts New Hampshire Rhode Island
Pilgrims (Separatists)
Wrote the Mayflower Compact—1620
Puritans
New Hampshire
Settlers from Massachusetts settled here
Rhode Island
Settled by Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson
Left Massachusetts to be able to practice religious freedom
Connecticut
Thomas Hooker
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

5. New England Colonies Founded for religious reasons
Founded for Quakers, Pilgrims, and Puritans so they could practice their religion freely (without persecution)
Long winters, rocky soil, short growing season
Practiced subsistence farming
Lived near towns
English settlers made up the largest population
Decline in Puritan religion as other religions increased
Massachusetts gained religious freedom

6. New England Economic Resources
Atlantic Ocean offered economic opportunities (fishing, ship building)
Lots of shipping and trade, lots of ports
Lots of timber
3 types of trade:
With other colonies
Triangular trade
Direct exchange of goods with England
Had few slaves-was not economical

7. Triangular Trade

8. Middle Colonies

9. Middle Colonies New York New Jersey Pennsylvania Delaware
Taken from Holland/Named after the Duke of York
New Jersey
Given by the Duke of York to two of his friends
Pennsylvania
Founded by Willliam Penn for religious freedom-QUAKERS
Delaware
Granted their own Assembly by Penn

10. Middle Colonies Founded for economic reasons
Settlements crowded out Native Americans
Skilled Dutch and German farmers
Very diverse population-climate of tolerance
Quakers eventually ended up in Pennsylvania looking for freedom of religion-again

11. Middle Colonies Long growing season
Cash crops of fruits, vegetables, and grain
Produced so much grain they became known as the “Bread Basket” colonies
Cities along rivers (Hudson-NY, Delaware-Philadelphia) exported cash crops and imported manufactured goods
Colonists ate an average of 1lb of grain per day-3times more than we do today!
Some owned slaves, although there were also free African Americans living there

12. Southern Colonies

13. Southern Colonies
Good soil and a long growing season (almost all year) allowed plantations to thrive
Rice, tobacco, and indigo were cash crops-Plantation economy
Easy to export because of many waterways
Plantation owners had a difficult time finding laborers
White indentured servants only worked for a few years and could easily save to buy their own farms

14. Southern Colonies Maryland Virginia (Jamestown)
Established by Lord Baltimore for religious freedom-Catholics
Virginia (Jamestown)
The Carolinas (Carolina is from the Latin word for “Charles”)
Settled as a source of crops
Later divided into…
North Carolina and South Carolina
Georgia
Established by James Oglethorpe as a refuge for debtors

15. Southern Colonies Tried to force Native Americans to work for them
Too many died from European diseases
Others knew the land well enough to run away
Slaves made up about 40%of the South's population
Slavery allowed the plantation system to grow

16. Colonial Government
Colonial governments were established to provide representation and provide for individual freedoms.
Mayflower Compact
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
Virginia House of Burgesses

17. Roots of Representative Government
Magna Carta-1215, King John signed a document granting rights to English People
Gave certain rights to English noblemen and freemen
Prevented the king from taking property
King could not tax people without the consent of a council
No trials without witnesses; punished by peers only
Parliament-England’s chief lawmaking body
English Bill of Rights-1689, royal agreement to respect the rights of English citizens and Parliament
Salutary Neglect-Leaving alone in a helpful way

18. Virginia House of Burgesses (1619)
A BURGESS was an elected representative
Created in 1619 to limit the power of the governor
First representative government in the American colonies

19. Mayflower Compact (1620)
Pilgrims agreed to obey laws for the good of the colony
Established the idea of self-government and majority rule

20. Fundamental Orders of Connecticut (1639)
Puritans wrote this “constitution”; self government
Gave voting rights to non-church members
Limited the power of the governor

21. Triangular Trade
A transatlantic system of trade in which goods, including slaves, were exchanged between Africa, England, Europe, the West Indies and the colonies in North America.

22. Transatlantic Slave Trade
Slaves captured in Africa
Sent to the West Indies and then on to the colonies
Many did not survive the “Middle Passage” (Middle leg of the triangular trade)
Estimated 2 million die during the Middle Passage
Supported the plantation system

23. Mercantilism
Mercantilism is the colony supporting the Mother Country’s” economy
Parliament controlled the trade of the colonies in order to benefit the “Mother Country”
Colonists were expected to sell their raw materials only to England and at very low prices
The colonists were expected to buy manufactured goods only from England, which were expensive

24. Mercantilism

25. Mercantilism? The American colonies export raw materials to England
The American colonies purchase finished goods from England
The American colonies purchase finished goods from France
The American colonies manufacture finished goods and sell them to England
England buys raw materials from France
The American colonies import raw materials from the Spanish West Indies
England manufactures goods and sells them to France
The American colonies manufacture goods and sell them to Spain

26. Enlightenment
An 18th Century movement that emphasized the use of reason and the scientific method to obtain knowledge.
Stressed reason and science
Ben Franklin
Started in Europe
John Locke argued that people have natural rights
Life
Liberty
Property
Challenged that kings had a God-given right to rule

27. The Great Awakening
Best described as a revival(awakening) of religious feeling in the American colonies in the 1730s and the 1740s