1. Texas Innovative Water 2010 Affordable Desalination Collaboration ADC “What Are Efficient Methods to Reduce the Energy Requirements of Brackish Ground Water Desalination” By John P. MacHarg ADC Managing Director

2. Government Municipal Commercial The Affordable Desalination Collaboration © 2004

3. Demonstrate affordable desalination using proven advancements and designs. Demonstrate affordable desalination using proven advancements and designs. Provide a platform by which cutting edge technologies can be tested and measured for their ability to reduce the overall cost of the SWRO treatment process Provide a platform by which cutting edge technologies can be tested and measured for their ability to reduce the overall cost of the SWRO treatment process Educate that desalination is an affordable and viable source of fresh water. Educate that desalination is an affordable and viable source of fresh water. Objectives of the ADC

4. ADC Pilot Demonstration System

5. Brackish Water Configuration and Basic Flow Diagram Containerized 100-130 kgpd Seawater Reverse Osmosis Pilot A B C D E F G HStreamABCDEFGHIJKLGPM11933872010686642242422134 PSI302916116116177713818016425 uS430343034303nd432426415558981398131814 Typical ADC Operating Conditions Product Reject Reverse Osmosis Process ADC BWRO Process i. Ground water ii. Well pump iii. System Feed pump iv. Cartridge filter 5 micron v. Main high pressure pump vi. Pressure Exchanger (ERI) vii. PX/interstage booster pump viii. 2-1 array 7x8” RO vessels ii iii v vi vii vi viii i I J K L

6. RO Historical Energy Consumption and The ADC kWh/kgal Note: 1.All energy figures are for the RO process only. They do not include any allowance for supply, pre-filtration or distribution. 2.Historical figures are general averages based on a combination of manufacturers specifications, plant data and interviews with industry experts. Sources include Desalters Handbood for Pllanners 4.10.4 and 7.9, GWI Webinar and Randy Truby. DuPont B-9 ADC Brackish Seawater kWh/m3 9.2 5.3 4.0 2.6 1.3 6.6 7.9

7. GWI Historical Full Scale Data (Total Facility) kWh/m3 8 5 4 3 2 6 7 1 30 19 15 11 8 23 26 4 kWh/kgal 0 ADC SW ADC BW* * RO process power ADCIII-TWDB Peliminary

8. Energy Requirements for Various Water Supplies and the ADC Seawater Study kWh/m3 kWh/acre-ft 1.5 3.1 4.5 kWh/kgal 1.CRA and SWP figures are for West Basin Municipal Water District (WBMWD) and according to Water Sources Powering Southern California, by Robert C. Wilkinson Ph.D., January 2004. 2.Seawater Reverse Osmosis (SWRO) Process power is from the ADC’s demonstration facility at the “most affordable point” and for the SWRO process only. This includes the power of the main HP pump and PX booster pump only with no allowance for intake, pre-filtration, conveyance or distribution. 3.WBMWD Total Power includes intake, pre-filtration, SWRO Process, conveyance and distribution power for their proposed 20 MGD ocean desalination facility. 1.CRA and SWP figures are for West Basin Municipal Water District (WBMWD) and according to Water Sources Powering Southern California, by Robert C. Wilkinson Ph.D., January 2004. 2.Seawater Reverse Osmosis (SWRO) Process power is from the ADC’s demonstration facility at the “most affordable point” and for the SWRO process only. This includes the power of the main HP pump and PX booster pump only with no allowance for intake, pre-filtration, conveyance or distribution. 3.WBMWD Total Power includes intake, pre-filtration, SWRO Process, conveyance and distribution power for their proposed 20 MGD ocean desalination facility. 7.7 9.2 10.7 6.1 WBMWD Total Power (3) Seawater Reverse Osmosis Process (ADC) California State Water Project (SWP) Colorado River Aqueduct (CRA) Ground Water Recharge SWP Ground Water Recharge CRA 0.40 0.82 1.19 2.03 2.43 2.83 1.61 Approximately 50% of Southern California's Water Supply 12.3 3.24

9. The ADC-TWDB Brackish Water Savings (preliminary) kWh/kgalkWh/m3 0.80 0.53 0.26 0% Savings 12% Savings 16% Savings

10. Brisk Technological Development and Innovation Large diameter membrane development to reduce capitol costs Currently there are operating demonstration and pilot installationsCurrently there are operating demonstration and pilot installations All four leading membrane manufacturers developing and/or offering large diameter membraneAll four leading membrane manufacturers developing and/or offering large diameter membrane Nano-technology membrane development to lower feed pressure and energy requirements Numerous institutions and universities worldwide chasing nano membrane developmentNumerous institutions and universities worldwide chasing nano membrane development Several commercial companies pursuing commercialization of technology including NanoH 2 O and the Stony Brook group.Several commercial companies pursuing commercialization of technology including NanoH 2 O and the Stony Brook group. Pump and energy recovery development to improve efficiency and reduce energy consumption Commercial companies working to improve efficiencies include Danfoss Axial Piston pumps, Calder’s rotary exchanger, Ocean Pacific Technology’s APX and KSB’s SaltTec system and RO pumpsCommercial companies working to improve efficiencies include Danfoss Axial Piston pumps, Calder’s rotary exchanger, Ocean Pacific Technology’s APX and KSB’s SaltTec system and RO pumps

11. 2419 E. Harbor Blvd Ventura, CA 93001 Tel: 650-283-7976 John P. MacHarg E-mail: jmacharg@affordabledesal.com Affordable Desalination Collaboration Contact Information ADC Affordable Desalination Collaboration