1. Photodetector Timing Resolution Burle Micro-Channel Plate Photo Multiplier Tubes (MCP-PMTs) H. Wells Wulsin SLAC Group B Winter 2005

2. 31 March 2005 H.W. Wulsin2 Photo Multiplier Tube Specifications DIRC PMT2x2 MCP-PMT Pixel Size~2.8 cm~24 mm Timing resolution (σ) 1.6 ns [single photo- electrons] 80-100 ps [single photoelectrons] 30-50 ps [test beam: ~60 photoelectrons]

3. 31 March 2005 H.W. Wulsin3 End Station A Setup PiLas laser, 635 nm (int. trigger) Mylar attenuators Electronics: ADC Single threshold discriminator TDC (25 ps/cnt) Quartz bars Pad 0 Pad 2 Pad 1 Pad 3 Burle MCP-PMT Path of test beam

4. 31 March 2005 H.W. Wulsin4 Limits to MCP Timing Resolution Cross-talk between channels Charge-sharing between pads Electronics noise Avalanche fluctuations [focus of this analysis]

5. 31 March 2005 H.W. Wulsin5 Timing resolution varies with ADC TDC measures hit time when pulse exceeds level set by single threshold discriminator. Size of pulse (# photoelectrons) affects the measured hit time. More photoelectrons reduce the variability of measured hit time (avalanche fluctuations have a smaller effect). Single photoelectron pulses (2 mV/div)~300 photoelectrons / pulse (200 mV/div) Threshold 1 ns

6. 31 March 2005 H.W. Wulsin6 ADC Distribution of Runs 1-8, taken 11-22-04, 11-24-04 Entries ADC (counts)

7. 31 March 2005 H.W. Wulsin7 TDC v. ADC, Runs 1-8 ADC (counts) ADC TDC (counts) TDC

8. 31 March 2005 H.W. Wulsin8 TDC Histogram, Runs 1-8 entries TDC (counts)

9. 31 March 2005 H.W. Wulsin9 Linear fit to Run 8 TDC = -0.0209(ADC) + 640.1 ADC (counts) TDC (counts)

10. 31 March 2005 H.W. Wulsin10 Linear correction to Run 8 ADC TDC entries TDC entries σ raw = 31.0 ps σ corr = 30.0 ps

11. 31 March 2005 H.W. Wulsin11 Linear fit to Run 7 TDC = -0.098(ADC) + 671.5 ADC (counts) TDC (counts)

12. 31 March 2005 H.W. Wulsin12 Linear correction to Run 7 σ raw = 53.5 ps σ corr = 48.5 ps ADC TDC entries

13. 31 March 2005 H.W. Wulsin13 Hyperbolic fit to Runs 1-6 TDC (counts) ADC (counts) TDC = 632.6 + 509.8 / (ADC – 258.6)

14. 31 March 2005 H.W. Wulsin14 Hyperbolic correction to Runs 1-6 ADC TDC entries TDC σ raw = 470 ps σ corr = 320 ps

15. 31 March 2005 H.W. Wulsin15 Independent fits to three data sets

16. 31 March 2005 H.W. Wulsin16 Optimized total fit By Hand: TDC = 619 + 165/√(ADC – 262) By Recursion: TDC = 619.2 + 160.7/√(ADC – 262.2) ADC (counts) TDC (counts)

17. 31 March 2005 H.W. Wulsin17 Total correction for Runs 1-8 ADC TDC

18. 31 March 2005 H.W. Wulsin18 Timing Resolution Correction: All Runs FWHM ~ 50 counts ADCFWHM ~ 15 counts ADC TDC (counts) entries

19. 31 March 2005 H.W. Wulsin19 Use Run 1 (maximum attenuation): ADC counts  photoelectrons Pedestal value: 265.4 counts ADCSingle photoelectron mean ADC: 2.1 counts ADC (counts) entries No TDC Signal TDC Signal Recorded entries ADC - Pedestal (counts) entries ADC (counts) entries No TDC SignalTDC Signal Recorded 1 photoelectron = 2.1 counts ADC

20. 31 March 2005 H.W. Wulsin20 Timing Resolution vs. Photoelectrons N pe σ (ps) σ = 9.08 + 214.61 / √(N pe – 0.45) N pe

21. 31 March 2005 H.W. Wulsin21 Comparison to Previous Analysis photoelectrons Similar resolution spectrum WellsJosef (different data runs)

22. 31 March 2005 H.W. Wulsin22 Conclusions Achieved timing resolution of 30 – 50 ps for ~100 photoelectrons (Run 8) down to ~30 photoelectrons (Run 7). Correction for timing – photon correlation most helpful in comparing disparate runs. For constant number of photoelectrons, correction less useful. Further study: Confirm # photoelectrons per ADC count. Examine charge-sharing between pads.

23. 31 March 2005 H.W. Wulsin23 Thank you to all of Group B for your help all quarter! Thanks to all Group B for lots of help this quarter!