2. Real time DSP Professors: Eng. Julian S. Bruno Eng. Jerónimo F. Atencio Sr. Lucio Martinez

3. Analog to digital Converter

4. The BIG picture Real time algorithms Results FAST!

5. Signals  Amplitude  Frequency  Noise

6. Continuous Signal

7. External Noise

8. Quantization Noise Analog Input range: Vin = 0 to FS (Full Scale) Resolution: N = 3 bits Code: 2 N = 8 Full Scale = 10V Voltage step or quantum (Q = FS/N)

9. Unipolar Binary Codes ScaleFS (10V)Binary 7/88,75111 3/47,5110 5/86,25101 1/25100 3/83,75011 1/42,5010 1/81,25001 00000

10. Bipolar Binary Codes ScaleFS (+/-5V)Two Comp. 3/43,75011 1/22,5010 1/41,25001 00000 - 1/4-1,25111 - 1/2-2,5110 - 3/4-3,75101 -5100

11. Errors in a data converter

13. Quantization noise

17. Noise Floor AD7722

18. Noise Floor

19. Cuantización uniforme

20. Cuantización no uniforme

21. A-law

22. Tabla de codificación

23. Companding

24. Expansion

25. Differences Between A−Law and u−Law

27. Basic ADC Analog: Analog Input Reference Voltage Analog Ground Analog Power Supply Digital: Digital output Control Signals Sampling Clock Digital Ground Digital Power Supply

28. 1-Bit DAC

29. Flash converters Expensives High power Resolution limited to around 8-bits Large chip size Fast Resistors: 2 N Comparators: 2 (N-1)

30. Flash converters

31. SAR The accuracy and linearity is determined by the DAC Available in resolutions up to 16-bits

32. SAR

33. Delta Modulation

35. First-Order Sigma-Delta ADC

36. Analysis of Sigma-Delta Modulator The integrator acts as a lowpass filter to the input signal and a highpass filter to the quantization noise

37. Oversampling

38. Second-Order Sigma-Delta ADC

39. Architecture tradeoffs