1. Flat-Panel PMT Front-End Requirements RICH Upgrade meeting, 16.04.2009 Stephan Eisenhardt University of Edinburgh o Bootstrapping: where from? o Gain adaptation for large signals and variations o Dynamic range and spill-over o ADC layout o On-board FPGA o Conclusions

2. 2 Bootstrapping: where from? RICH Upgrade meeting, 16.04.2009Stephan Eisenhardt o We have to formulate our needs and wishes to feed our view into plans to develop dedicated L0 front-end electronics o This talk tries to start the discussion on the L0 electronics parameters for the Flatpanel-PMT as would be suitable for the RICH o The information/ideas here are drawn from: falltransitanodegain timetime spr.dark Ivariation –the FP-PMT spec sheet0.8 ns0.4 ns0.05 nA1:4 (to be updated from evaluation data) –the 2003 evaluation of the MAPMT1.1 ns0.3 ns0.2 nA1:4 (assumed to yield very similar pulse shapes and spectra) –discussions with Jan Buytaert, Ken Wyllie, …

3. 3 Beetle1.2MA0 – Front End RICH Upgrade meeting, 16.04.2009Stephan Eisenhardt o … look back: what did we have… o ‘input-attenuation’ Front-End: gain adapted to MaPMT signal: 300k e - –coming from preamp optimised for Silicon signal (2x MIP a 22k e - ) –larger C FB was needed for same output from larger input signal –posed a problem in Beetle1.2 as boundaries of FE-design were fixed already –i.e. only limited real estate available for the feed-back capacities of the preamp –nevertheless, Nigel’s cramped solution (above) worked very well: noise: ~0.5 ADC channels (~4.3k e - ); signal: ~35 ADC channels (~300k e - ) in FED with issues: 7-bit effective, limited dynamic range C FB, preamp Beetle 1.2MA0: Nigel Smale, 2003 preampshaperbuffer bias input output to ADC VV V line-in C =O(10pF) & R=50  ~800fF ~200fF ~300k  ~100k  MaPMT

4. 4 preamp Gain Adaptation in MAROC 2 RICH Upgrade meeting, 16.04.2009Stephan Eisenhardt o MAROC 2 chip provides gain adaptation for 64 MaPMT channels: –(super common base) pre-amplifier with successive scaled mirror (i.e. variable gain unit) –low input impedance  low current in mirrors  reduced cross-talk –6 bits to steer 6 parallel scales gain value 0 = signal inhibited gain value 16 = unity gain o input signal variation 4:1 equalised to ~6% of nominal signal (300k e - ) –input range: 75k…300k e -  to: 295.3k…314.0k e -, i.e. width: 18.75k e -

5. 5 FP-PMT Preamp Options RICH Upgrade meeting, 16.04.2009Stephan Eisenhardt o Capacitive gain adaptation: –real estate not yet defined  chance to find optimal solution –configurable capacities for each channel provide gain adaptation –simple approach (Jan Buytaert): minimum fixed capacity: C BF,min (for minimum signal) 6 bit configuration for additional C (i,.e. 64 higher C levels for larger signals)  input gain variation 4:1 equalised to <5% of minimum signal o Serves both: –proper treatment of large input signals (low cross-talk!) –equalisation of 4:1 gain variations preamp bias input ???fF V ???k  1x C 2x C 4x C 8x C 16x C 32x C C FB,min

6. 6 Dynamic Range Adaptation RICH Upgrade meeting, 16.04.2009Stephan Eisenhardt o signals larger than linear dynamic range lead to spill-over: o pulse clamping at or in pre-amp: (several options) –e.g. current limiting diode before pre-amp –or non-linear feed-back parallel to integrating capacity –both leading to: preamp current limiter Beetle 1.2 with 8-dynode MaPMT: 1 photoelectron ~ 58 ke - = 150 mV after pre-amp Nigel Smale, 2003 1 phe ~ 58 ke - = 150 mV 25 ns V t effective pre-amp output preamp input non-linear impedance C FB

7. 7 ADC Binning RICH Upgrade meeting, 16.04.2009Stephan Eisenhardt o options of ADC binning, if resolution is limited: –aim: minimise signal loss while suppressing noise –problem: need high ADC resolution at pedestal and threshold position o example ADC binnings (here illustrated for 5-bit ADC): 1)linear layout, full dynamic range pro: well understood con: limited resolution where needed 2)linear layout, limited dynamic range pro: significantly increased resolution in pedestal and threshold region con: blind to medium and larger signals, measurement of gain and calibration of signal loss from data not possible, cross-talk correction jeopardised (how strongly?) 3)non-linear layout, optimised dynamic range pro: increased resolution where needed, some sensitivity to full range kept con: calibration/interpretation of data non-trivial, problems of 2) eased but not gone  best option: linear layout, high resolution, full dynamic range… idealised FP-PMT signal spectrum optimal threshold cut 1 and 2 photon spectra pedestal example ADC binnings: 1) 2) 3) signal loss

8. 8 ADC Resolution I RICH Upgrade meeting, 16.04.2009Stephan Eisenhardt o What is the effect of a resolution limit on the signal loss? –example data spectrum: 2003 12-dynode MaPMT data 1 photoelectron ~ 300ke -, ADC: 7-bit effective (FED with dynamic range limit) deducted signal loss of example data: –11%, due to photo-conversion at 1 st dynode –for reduced resolution the signal loss increases as one cannot cut as precise –in example spectrum the loss increases by factor 2 for reduction 7-bit  4-bit  requirement for ‘high resolution’ means: 7-bit or more 2003 MaPMT example data: example ADC binnings: 7-bit: 128 ch. 6-bit: 64 ch. 5-bit: 32 ch. 4-bit: 16 ch. 7-bit: signal loss: 11% 6-bit: signal loss: 12.8% 5-bit: signal loss: 16.5% 4-bit: signal loss: 21.8%

9. 9 ADC Resolution II RICH Upgrade meeting, 16.04.2009Stephan Eisenhardt o Example layout of ADC: –system design usually aims for: system noise  : O(1 ADC) common mode: O(<1 ADC) –Beetle1.2MA0 + FED (best values achieved), MaPMT typical size 300ke - : ADC bin resol.range1 phe @noise  S/Nthreshold sensitivity/loss 7-bit eff 8.6ke - 550 ke - ped. + 35 ch.4.3ke - 70high / low –new ADC layout: FP-PMT typical signal size: 1.5Me - 8-bit 10 ke - 2560 ke - ped. + 150 ch.10 ke - 150very high / lowest 8-bit 20 ke - 5120 ke - ped. + 75 ch.20 ke - 75high / low, sensitivity to 2 nd ph.el. 7-bit 20 ke - 2560 ke - ped. + 75 ch.20 ke - 75good / low 6-bit 30 ke - 1920 ke - ped. + 50 ch.30 ke - 50satisfying / bearable 5-bit 60 ke - 1920 ke - ped. + 25 ch.60 ke - 25marginal / high 4-bit 120 ke - 1920 ke - ped. + 12.5 ch.120 ke - 12.5inadequate / very high o High-res ADC are only a concern for bandwidth reasons, but our requirements are: –high-res threshold, with data reduction to hit information (possibly 2-hit info) –reliable calibration of our data processing  solution: on-board FPGA

10. 10 On-board FPGA RICH Upgrade meeting, 16.04.2009Stephan Eisenhardt o On-board FPGA serves the following purposes: o during data acquisition: –1 st step: common mode correction, if neccessary: use ADC data of full tube to find pedestal position (if not yet done by FE-chip) –2 nd step: cross-talk correction: use ADC data for neighbouring pixels to correct for cross talk before discrimination –3 rd step: zero suppression / digital discrimination select data to send to L1 –4 th step (optional): data reduction: convert ADC values (n-bits)  hit-map (1 bit)or convert ADC values (n-bits)  multi-hit probability (m<n bits) èneeds significant computational power of the FPGA but can live with relatively low bandwidth requirements o in calibration run: –unchanged feed-through of all ADC data to L1 this introduces dead time but allows for checks/calibration of the algorithms for step 1-4

11. 11 Conclusions RICH Upgrade meeting, 16.04.2009Stephan Eisenhardt o We need to formulate *our* needs to negotiate with collaborators o Aim for the best system and see what we can realise: –Front-End adapted by design for large charge pulses –6-bit gain adaptation to equalise FP-PMT internal gain variations –dynamic range limitation designed into pre-amp to avoid spill over from large signals –high resolution ADC for: high S/N high threshold sensitivity low signal loss –on-board FPGA to process data and reduce volume, but allow for checks and calibration o Open to discussion and evolution … especially needed when FP-PMT data comes in

12. 12 Spare Slides RICH Upgrade meeting, 16.04.2009Stephan Eisenhardt

13. 13 draw-page: do not use RICH Upgrade meeting, 16.04.2009Stephan Eisenhardt