1. SYMPTOMS OF PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS
1-Disturbances of consciousness &orientation
a-Disorientation :loss of awareness of position of the self in relation to space , time &persons
b-clouding of consciousness : patient react incompletely to stimuli.
c-Stupor : patient is mute and immobile .
d-coma : patient does not respond even to strong stimuli.

2. Disorders of attention
1- Distractibility : inability to focus attention
Seen in mania &anxiety.
2-Hypervigilance:excessive attention and focus on all external &internal stimuli
Seen in hypomania &obsessive persons.
3- Inattention : blocking out only those things that generate anxiety.

3. DISTURBANCES MEMORY Types of memory: Sensory M. Short term memory
Long term memory:(explicit & implicit)
Disorders of memory:
1-Amnesia(localized-anterograde-retrograde)
2-Paramnesia(falsification-confabulation-de ja vu-jamais vu phenomenons)

4. Disorders of affect and mood
Affect disorders:
Appropriate affect inappropriate affect
Blunted affect flat affect
Labile affect
Mood disorders:
Depression irritable mood
Labile mood elevated mood
Euphoria anhedonia
Others:
Anxiety fear-phobia- panic
Ambivalence

5. DISTURBANCES OF THINKING
Disorders in the form:
Loss of association{ vagueness, incoherence}
Derailment irrelevance
Flight of ideas clang association
Word salad verbigeration
Blocking circumstantiality
Preservation echolalia
Neologism stereotypy
Concrete thinking

6. DISTURBANCES OF THINKING
Disorders in the contents:
Poverty of content :little information or obscure phrases.
Preoccupation of thought :centering on particular idea.
Overvalued ideas: unreasonable &sustained false belief neither delusional or obsessional in nature.
Delusions: false fixed belief ,not consistent with patient culture, personality & education.
Obsessional &compulsive symptoms:

7. DISTURBANCES OF THINKING
According to fixity:
Complete partial
According to the onset:
Primary secondary
Other delusional experiences:
Delusional mood -delusional memory
Delusional perception
According to systematization:
Bizarre delusion systematized delusion
According to relation with mood:
Mood congruent mood incongruent
According to other features:
Shared delusion encapsulated
Crystallized delusion

8. DISTURBANCES OF THINKING
According to theme of delusion:
Persecutory delusion
Delusion of reference
Delusion of grandeur
Delusion of control
Delusion of guilt
Delusion of poverty
Nihilistic delusion
Delusion of infidelity
Hypochondriacal (somatic )delusion

9. Obsessional and compulsive symptoms
These are recurrent thought, impulses or images that enter the mind despite the patient resist it.
Forms of obsessions:
Obsessional thoughts ruminations
Obsessional doubts impulses
Obsessional phobia
Compulsions(rituals):
Checking cleaning
Counting dressing

10. Disturbances of Speech
Pressure of speech poverty of speech
Dysartheria stuttering
Aphasia(motor , sensory & nominal )
Disturbances of motor behavior:
Tics mannerisms stereotype
Negativism Echopraxia resistance
Catatonia(catalepsy , catatonic stupor ,rigidity, posturing & waxy flexibility)

11. Disturbances of perception
Hallucination Illusion
Depersonalization Derealization
Types of hallucination:
A-according to complexity
Elementary & complex
B-according to sensory modality:
Visual ,auditory ,tactile, olfactory, gustatory , hallucination of deep sensation , autoscopic H& reflex H.

12. Illusion Misperception of real external stimulus.
More common in organic mental disorders.
Depersonalization : subjective of being strange.
Derealization : subjective sense the environment is strange & unreal.
These phenomena occur in:
Tiered healthy patients sleep ,sensory deprivation -depressive disorder-temporal lobe epilepsy-schizophrenia-anxiety disorder.

13. Disturbances of intelligence
1-Mental retardation
2-dementia
Disturbances of insight:
The ability of the patient to understand the true cause and meaning of a situation.

14. Etiology of psychiatric illness
Classification of causes:
1- predisposing factors
2-percipitating factors
3-perpetuating factors
Approaches to etiology :
Biological psychodynamic
Sociocultural behavioral
biopsychosocial

15. Other factors related to psychiatric etiology
1-social factors genetic
3- life events biochemical
5-endocrionolgy physiology
7-Neuropathology
8-experimental &clinical psychology