1. Confined Spaces General Industry Standard 1910.146 General Industry Standard 1910.146 Construction Industry 1926.21(b)(6)1926.3 53(b) 352(g) Construction Industry 1926.21(b)(6)1926.3 53(b) 352(g)

2. Confined Space A 33-year-old man died while cleaning out an ink tank in Providence printing company. He entered the tank through a small opening wearing a supplied air respirator. A 33-year-old man died while cleaning out an ink tank in Providence printing company. He entered the tank through a small opening wearing a supplied air respirator. Vapors began to collect in the tank. His respirator failed, and no one was prepared to rescue him. Vapors began to collect in the tank. His respirator failed, and no one was prepared to rescue him. Bronx Employer Jailed on State Charges after Worker Nearly Dies in an Underground Tank Bronx Employer Jailed on State Charges after Worker Nearly Dies in an Underground Tank Two weeks ago the owner and the manager of a Bronx junkyard were convicted of charges that they nearly killed an employee by sending him into an underground tank containing waste oil and gasoline without any protective equipment. The lack of oxygen in the tank caused the employee to lose consciousness. He was rescued by a city firefighter.

3. Confined Space Facilities must survey for confined spaces. Facilities must survey for confined spaces.OSHA Large enough to enter and perform workLarge enough to enter and perform work Not designed for continuous occupancyNot designed for continuous occupancy Restricted entry exitRestricted entry exit all three must be present to define a confined space

4. Large enough to enter and perform work

5. Not designed for continuous occupancy Boiler, degreaser, furnace Boiler, degreaser, furnace Pipeline, pit, pumping station Pipeline, pit, pumping station Reaction or process vessel, mills Reaction or process vessel, mills Septic tank, sewage Digester Septic tank, sewage Digester Silo, storage tank, barges Silo, storage tank, barges Sewer, utility vault, manhole Sewer, utility vault, manhole Trenches, shafts, caissons Trenches, shafts, caissons

6. Not Designed for Continuous Worker Occupancy Not designed to work in on a regular basis Not designed to work in on a regular basis Designed to store a product Designed to store a product Enclose materials or processes Enclose materials or processes Transport products or substances Transport products or substances

7. Restricted entry/ exit Openings as small as 18 inches in diameter Openings as small as 18 inches in diameter Difficult to enter with SCBA or other life-saving equipment Difficult to enter with SCBA or other life-saving equipment Difficult to remove downed worker in folded up or bent over position Difficult to remove downed worker in folded up or bent over position

8. Searching for Permit Required Spaces Space large enough to enter &; Limited or Restricted entry or exit &; Not designed for continuous worker occupancy. NO Not a confined Space YES Confined Space Hazardous Atmosphere Engulfment Hazard Configuration Hazard Any other recognized serious hazard Permit- Required Confined Space Non Permit Required Space YESNO Or

9. PRCS: Hazardous atmosphere Risk of death, incapacitation, impair self – rescue, Risk of death, incapacitation, impair self – rescue, Cause injury or acute illness Cause injury or acute illness

10. Hazardous atmosphere Oxygen enriched atmosphere[<23.5%] Oxygen enriched atmosphere[<23.5%] Causes flammable and combustible materials to burn violently when ignited Flammable atmospheres [gas,vapor,mist] >10.5% of LEL Flammable atmospheres [gas,vapor,mist] >10.5% of LEL Oxygen deficient atmosphere [>19.5%] Oxygen deficient atmosphere [>19.5%]

11. Hazardous atmosphere Combustible dusts that meets or exceeds LEL Combustible dusts that meets or exceeds LEL Approximately dust obscures vision at a distance of 5feet [1.53 meters] or less Approximately dust obscures vision at a distance of 5feet [1.53 meters] or less

12. PRCS: Engulfment Hazards Surrounding and capture of employee Surrounding and capture of employee by material liquid or fine solids in the space Loose, granular materials Loose, granular materials stored in hoppers Crusting and bridging below Crusting and bridging below Flooding of confined space Flooding of confined space

13. PRCS:Configuration Hazard Shape of the space or equipment in the space that poses an immediate or delayed threat to life or irreversible health effects; or that would interfere with a worker ’ s ability to escape the space, unaided. Shape of the space or equipment in the space that poses an immediate or delayed threat to life or irreversible health effects; or that would interfere with a worker ’ s ability to escape the space, unaided.

14. PRCS: Any other recognized serious hazard Physical hazards: radiation, noise, electric Physical hazards: radiation, noise, electric Moving parts (grinding equipment, agitators, steam, mulching equipment) Moving parts (grinding equipment, agitators, steam, mulching equipment) Corrosive chemical hazards Corrosive chemical hazards Biological hazards Biological hazards Present an immediate danger to life or health or impair an employee ’ s ability to escape. Present an immediate danger to life or health or impair an employee ’ s ability to escape.

15. Dangerous Combinations Working in and around the space Working in and around the space Rescue operations during emergencies Rescue operations during emergencies Worsened conditions due to work activities: Worsened conditions due to work activities: Welding and cutting, use of bonding agentsWelding and cutting, use of bonding agents Cleaning with solvents, use of other chemicalsCleaning with solvents, use of other chemicals Use of gas-powered equipmentUse of gas-powered equipment

16. OSHA Permit (PRCS) system Designed to prohibit entry Designed to prohibit entry Entry permitted for only those trained and qualified Entry permitted for only those trained and qualified

17. Special Permit Required Spaces The employer must develop a written permit entry program for permit required spaces (PRS). The employer must develop a written permit entry program for permit required spaces (PRS). Such a program must address procedures for evaluating spaces, precautions during entry, protection during work, and backup in case of emergencies. Such a program must address procedures for evaluating spaces, precautions during entry, protection during work, and backup in case of emergencies.

18. Testing The Atmosphere Test all areas of a confined space Top - methane is lighter than air Top - methane is lighter than air Middle - carbon monoxide is the same as air Middle - carbon monoxide is the same as air Bottom - hydrogen sulfide is heavier than air Bottom - hydrogen sulfide is heavier than air Remain vigilant for Oxygen Deficiency Remain vigilant for Oxygen Deficiency

19. Ventilation Best option to remove contaminants and restore natural atmosphere Best option to remove contaminants and restore natural atmosphere Air intake in a safe location to draw fresh air only Air intake in a safe location to draw fresh air only Continuous ventilation whenever possible Continuous ventilation whenever possible Retest the confined space before entry Retest the confined space before entry Consider continuous monitoring during work Consider continuous monitoring during work

20. Isolation Locking and tagging out electrical sources. Locking and tagging out electrical sources. Blank and bleed ALL lines, pipes, etc. Blank and bleed ALL lines, pipes, etc. Disconnecting mechanical drives and shafts. Disconnecting mechanical drives and shafts. Locking and tagging out shutoff valves. Locking and tagging out shutoff valves.

21. Standby / Rescue Constant communication with the workers inside Constant communication with the workers inside Line of Sight Line of Sight Radio Contact Radio Contact Know emergency rescue procedures. Know emergency rescue procedures.

22. Rescue Rescue:NFPA 1670 Rescue:NFPA 1670 awareness awareness ops ops tech tech

23. Standby / Rescue 35% of workers who 35% of workers who die in confined spaces are would-be rescuers Trained in use of emergency rescue equipment and PPE Trained in use of emergency rescue equipment and PPE

24. Permit Entry Systems Designed to prohibit entry for those not trained and qualified Designed to prohibit entry for those not trained and qualified Written permit signed by entry supervisor Written permit signed by entry supervisor Verifies pre-entry Verifies pre-entry precautions have been taken and the space is safe to enter

25. Permit Entry Systems Posted at entry to confined space Posted at entry to confined space Specifies apparent hazards and corrective actions taken prior to entry Specifies apparent hazards and corrective actions taken prior to entry Requires termination of permit when task is completed or when new conditions exist Requires termination of permit when task is completed or when new conditions exist

26. Entry Permit Requirements Date, location, and name of confined space Date, location, and name of confined space Purpose of entry and known hazards Purpose of entry and known hazards Duration of entry permit time Duration of entry permit time

27. Entry Permit Requirements Authorized entrants, attendants, supervisors Authorized entrants, attendants, supervisors Air testing results - signature of tester Air testing results - signature of tester Protective measures to be taken Protective measures to be taken Ventilation, isolation, flushing Ventilation, isolation, flushing Lockout / Tag-out, purging Lockout / Tag-out, purging

28. Entry Permit Requirements Communication procedures Communication procedures Special equipment and procedures Special equipment and procedures Personal protective equipmentPersonal protective equipment Alarm proceduresAlarm procedures Rescue equipmentRescue equipment RespiratorsRespirators

29. Entry Permit Requirements Id All authorized entrants in confined space Id All authorized entrants in confined space Id All attendants and rescue team members Id All attendants and rescue team members

30. Training and Education Prior to initial work assignment Prior to initial work assignment Retraining: Retraining: Job duties change Job duties change Change in permit-space program Change in permit-space program New hazards are present New hazards are present Job performance indicates deficiencies Job performance indicates deficiencies

31. RICOSH James Celenza RI Committee on Occupational Safety and Heath 741 Westminster st Prov RI 02903 (401)751-2015(401)751-7520 This material was produced under grant number SH-26285-14-60-F- 37 from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor. It does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Department of Labor, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.